The Chimpanzee Model for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Wieland, Stefan

doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021469

Cited by 63 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Regardless, chimpanzees, owing to their high genetic similarity with humans, have proven to be the most useful model for the study of viral hepatitis mainly because they are susceptible to infection with hepatitis viruses. However, they do not develop a similar spectrum of liver disease as humans do 144,145 . Another interesting caveat is that these primates are monomorphic for several of the polymorphisms in the IL28B gene that have been linked to HCV clinical outcomes 146,147 ; thus, chimpanzees might not be suitable for this line of investigation.…”

Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Experimental models of hepatitis B and C — new insights and progress

Thomas

Liang

2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

125

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Viral hepatitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Hepatitis-causing viruses initiate disease by establishing both acute and chronic infections, and several of these viruses are specifically associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Consequently, intense research efforts have been focusing on increasing our understanding of hepatitis virus biology and on improving antiviral therapy and vaccination strategies. Although valuable information on viral hepatitis emerged from careful epidemiological studies on sporadic outbreaks in humans, experimental models using cell culture, rodent and non-human primates were essential in advancing the field. Through the use of these experimental models, improvement in both the treatment and prevention of viral hepatitis has progressed rapidly; however, agents of viral hepatitis are still among the most common pathogens infecting humans. In this Review, we describe the important part that these experimental models have played in the study of viral hepatitis and led to monumental advances in our understanding and treatment of these pathogens. Ongoing developments in experimental models are also described.

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Section: Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Experimental models of hepatitis B and C — new insights and progress

Thomas

Liang

2016

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

125

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“…Across all age groups, however, these figures are 0.89% and 14.8 (4.4~22.3) million, respectively [7]. Currently, there is neither a vaccine nor a post-exposure prophylactic treatment that is effective in preventing HCV infection, largely because of the high genetic diversity among the viral lineages [8]. Longterm isolated circulation has enabled the virus to accumulate variations to evade population immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unique Pattern of HCV Genotype Distribution on Hainan Island in China Revealed by Evolutionary Analysis

Xiong

Wang

et al. 2016

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims:Different genotypes of HCV may differ in both disease progression and response to antiviral therapies. Hainan Island has been inhabited by the “Li” aboriginal minority for centuries. We aimed to provide a better understanding of HCV infection on Hainan Island, so that the information would help improve strategies for HCV prevention and control on the island and in the wider country. Methods: Using RT-PCR and DNA sequencing, we determined HCV sequences from 100 patients living on Hainan Island. Results: Phylogenetic analysis classified these sequences into six subtypes: 6a (n=35), 1b (n=31), 3b (n=16), 2a (n=8), 3a (n=6), and 1a (n=4). By including reference sequences reported from elsewhere in China, phylogeographic trees were reconstructed to indicate their migration patterns. While the predominant 6a isolates were estimated to have origins in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, the increase in 3b strains must have resulted from IDU network transmission from the southwest. A Bayesian Skyline Plot for subtype 1a, which is rare in China, showed a rapid population growth since 1998. Although slowed in rate around 2005, this growth continued to the present. Not found for any other HCV lineage. Conclusions: Overall, a delayed growth pattern may indicate the unique history of 1a dissemination in China and its recently increasing prevalence, despite measures taken to improve HCV prevention.

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“…Clinical studies have found that different degrees of liver brosis are involved in the development and outcome of hepatitis B. [86][87][88][89][90][91] Aer the liver tissue of the model mice was injured, syringin regulated the elevated abnormalities state of LN, HA, and PC in the blood, indicating the trend of liver brosis. IFN is an important biological function cytokine with antiviral, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory effects in the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%