The Chilean Elections of 1989 and the Politics of the Transition to Democracy

Angell, Alan; Pollack, Benny

doi:10.2307/3338214

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…At this stage, partisan linkages afforded the most important source of instrumental power. Considering the composition of the Senate, from the beginning it was clear that the Aylwin administration would have to do deals with the right-wing forces in Congress (Angell and Pollack, 1990). Especially given the higher quorum required to reform the pension system.…”

Section: Discussion In Congressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Partisan linkages were also critical. The economic elite had strong ties with right-wing parties, Renovación Nacional (RN) and, especially, with Unión Demócrata Independiente 3 (UDI) (Angell and Pollack, 1990). Programmatic convergence, shared class interests and close ties established during the dictatorship virtually transformed UDI in a business interests' transmission belt during this period (Pollack, 1999).…”

Section: Instrumental Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Business Power in post-authoritarian Chile: explaining regulatory continuity in the pension system, 1990-1994

Schiappacasse

2020

RES

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Es difícilmente controversial sostener que las elites económicas en América Latina tienen una gran y desproporcionada influencia política. En este contexto, Chile ofrece un estudio de caso único para el análisis del poder empresarial. La Concertación, la coalición de centro-izquierda que gobernó Chile entre 1990 y 2010, fue electa con un programa de gobierno que prometía la creación de un sistema de seguridad social con elementos de solidaridad. Sin embargo, esta coalición terminó finalmente consolidando el sistema privado de pensiones impuesto en 1981 por la dictadura militar. El presente trabajo aborda esta paradoja entrándose en el debate sobre pensiones desarrollado durante la primera administración de la Concertación (1990-1994). En resumen, esta investigación demuestra que, a pesar del nuevo contexto democrático, la elite económica continuó controlando el proceso de toma de decisiones por medio de múltiples mecanismos.

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Section: Discussion In Congressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumental Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Business Power in post-authoritarian Chile: explaining regulatory continuity in the pension system, 1990-1994

Schiappacasse

2020

RES

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“…An important di↵erence between the 1989 presidential election and the ones that followed, is that the former took place under dictatorship, with a candidate directly linked to Pinochet, and with significant uncertainty about the political future. In the words of Angell and Pollack (1990), "The [1989] elections were in many ways a replay of the plebiscite" (p. 2). Hence, we interpret the behavior of voters in 1989 as a confirmation of the preferences for democracy that they had stated in 1988.…”

Section: Potential Violations Of the Exclusion Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geography of Repression and Support for Democracy: Evidence From the Pinochet Dictatorship

et al. 2018

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We show that exposure to repression under dictatorship increases support for democracy and contributes to regime change when a democratic window of opportunity arises. Studying the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet in Chile, we exploit the fact that the predetermined location of military bases predicts local levels of civilian victimization, but is unrelated to historical political preferences. Using two-stage least squares, we show that increased exposure to repression during the dictatorship led to higher voter registration and higher opposition to Pinochet's continuation in power in the 1988 plebiscite that triggered the democratic transition. Complementary survey data confirms that individuals with greater exposure to repression during the military regime continue to have stronger preferences for democracy. However, exposure to repression does not a↵ect election outcomes after democratization.

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“…Formed as a vehicle with one purpose ± to return the country to democracy ± it comprises a breadth of political positions, from radical socialists to right-leaning Christian Democrats, yet it has won three presidential elections (1989,1994,1999; see Angell and Pollack 1990 and has generally remained the dominant force in other municipal and congressional elections. One explanation for the strength of the ConcertacioÂ n during the 1990s was the on-going threat posed by Pinochet as armed forces Chief and latterly Senator.…”

Section: Concertacioâ N: the Embodiment Of Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%