“…Also of note is Doane's (1978) "armchair cluster analysis" of pathogenic family factors to include "a preponderance of parent-child coalitions, weak parental coalition, conflicting parental relationship, rigid pattern of interacting, low level of general harmony or closeness, low effectivity in task performance [and] deviant communication style" (summarized in Jansen, 1982, p. 158). At a more specific, diagnostic level, parental disorders and marital discord have been implicated in the onset of psychopathology in offspring, including depression (Keller et al, 1986;Zahn-Waxler et al, 1987), schizophrenia (Aschaffenburg, 1981;Sameroff, Seifer,&Zax, 1982), anxiety disorders (Bernstein & Garfinkel, 1988), personality disorders (Cooper, Leach, Storer, & Tonge, 1977;Rutter & Quinton, 1984), marital distress (Aarkrog, 1985;Rutter & Quinton, 1984) and general "mental problems" (Aarkrog, 1985;Friedman, 1974;Garralda & Bailey, 1988;Rutter & Quinton, 1984;Stiffman, Jung, & Feldman, 1986).…”