The Child as a Collaborator in Pediatric Pain Management

Bush, Joseph P.; Young, Sharon R.; Radecki-Bush, Catherine

doi:10.1300/j294v17n02_04

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The amount of ferrosilicon added to the cupola accounts for around 1.2-2 % of the total metallic charge. 2) Coke is also an important component of the metallic charge, playing two important roles. In the cupola process, the major exothermic reaction involves the carbon contained in the coke and the oxygen in the blast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dissolution Occurring during Graphite–Ferrosilicon Interactions at 1550°C

2009

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The carburisation reaction is a key reaction for the cupola process, since the metallic liquid droplets interact with coke at high temperatures. The kinetic mechanism of carbon dissolution in liquid iron had been extensively investigated. However, there is little knowledge about the kinetics of carbon dissolution when the silicon contents are over 10 %, since the silicon content during the iron and steel making processes are usually well below this limit.Carbon dissolution phenomenon and associated mechanisms are established for ferrosilicon alloys and silicon at 1 550°C in this study. The overall-rate constants at 1 550°C for Si 98.5 %, FeSi 74 % and FeSi 24.7 % were 3.8, 3 and 3.9ϫ10 Ϫ3 (s Ϫ1) respectively. The appearance of SiC as an interfacial product was found during the metal-graphite interactions and its role as a retarding agent during the carbon pickup was established.The kinetics of carbon dissolution from graphite is controlled by a mixed-control mechanism and this includes the diffusion of carbon and carbon transfer from the SiC interfacial layer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dissolution Occurring during Graphite–Ferrosilicon Interactions at 1550°C

2009

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“…The amount of ferrosilicon added to the cupola accounts for around 1.2-2 % of the total metallic charge. 3) Study of the wetting parameters such as contact angle, when liquid metal droplets interact with the graphite substrate, is particularly important during melting for this type of process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Wetting of Graphite and SiC by Ferrosilicon Alloys and Silicon at 1550°C

et al. 2006

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“…Reappraisal allows for feedback from changes in the person-environment relationship and from reflection as the transaction proceeds, leading to changes in the quality and intensity of emotion (Lazarus, 1998). Current conceptualizations of painful or stressful medical procedures suggest that maximizing the child's active involvement in his or her own care can increase both the perception and the reality of control, which can be helpful to child coping efforts (Bush, Young, & Radecki-Bush, 1998;Zeltzer, Bush, Chen, & Riveral, 1997). Current conceptualizations of painful or stressful medical procedures suggest that maximizing the child's active involvement in his or her own care can increase both the perception and the reality of control, which can be helpful to child coping efforts (Bush, Young, & Radecki-Bush, 1998;Zeltzer, Bush, Chen, & Riveral, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distress in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Patients Undergoing Intravenous Procedures: Evaluation of a CD-ROM Intervention

Bisignano¹,

Bush²

2006

Children's Health Care

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This study assessed the influence of a developmentally specific CD-ROM intervention on cognitive appraisals, fear, behavioral distress, and pain in pediatric hematologyoncology patients scheduled for intravenous (IV) procedures. Thirty children, 7 to 18 years of age, were randomly assigned either to a standard medical care group or a standard medical care plus CD-ROM intervention group. It was hypothesized that using the CD-ROM would decrease threat appraisals of the IV procedure, causing decreased fear of the IV, less behavioral distress, and less pain during the IV. It was also hypothesized that intervention-enhanced secondary appraisal would be seen in children in the CD-ROM intervention group and that they would cope more effectively with the IV procedure. Self-report and observational ratings were used to assess the following dependent variables: primary and secondary appraisal, fear, behavioral distress, and pain. Results indicated significant effects for the reduction of threat appraisals following CD-ROM intervention (p < .05). Children in the CD-ROM intervention group used cognitive restructuring coping more effectively than did the control group (p < .05). No significant effects were found for fear, behavioral distress, or pain.Children facing hospitalization and illness often undergo invasive and painful medical procedures. Cognitive-behavioral interventions have been found effective in helping these children cope with emotional and behavioral distress with a Correspondence should be sent to Joseph P. Bush, Fielding Graduate University, School of Psychology,

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The Child as a Collaborator in Pediatric Pain Management

Cited by 3 publications

References 55 publications

Carbon Dissolution Occurring during Graphite–Ferrosilicon Interactions at 1550°C

Carbon Dissolution Occurring during Graphite–Ferrosilicon Interactions at 1550°C

Dynamic Wetting of Graphite and SiC by Ferrosilicon Alloys and Silicon at 1550°C

Distress in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Patients Undergoing Intravenous Procedures: Evaluation of a CD-ROM Intervention

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