The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Model Tissue for Surgical Retinal Research and Simulation

Leng, Theodore; Miller, Jason; Bilbao, Kalayaan V.; Palanker, Daniel; Huie, Philip; Blumenkranz, Mark S.

doi:10.1097/00006982-200406000-00014

Cited by 95 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Once the injection system was prepared, a 12-14 day old chicken embryo was prepared as described in [13] to expose the CAM, and placed under the microscope (Figs. 6, 7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using a biological system for our initial tests makes our success or failure much more clinically relevant. As reported in [13], the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a 12 day old chicken embryo ( Fig. 6-B) provides a good model for testing equipment and procedures for retinal surgery.…”

Section: A Chicken Embryos As Eye Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The CAM contains a large number of veins which cover a wide range of sizes; after taking measurements to calibrate the microscope, we attempted to cannulate veins between 80 µm and 120µm. Veins on the human retina range from 40 µm to 350 µm [13].…”

Section: A Chicken Embryos As Eye Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development and Application of a New Steady-Hand Manipulator for Retinal Surgery

Mitchell¹,

Koo²,

Iordachita³

et al. 2007

Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation

138

107

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Abstract-This paper describes the development and initial testing of a new and optimized version of a steady-hand manipulator for retinal microsurgery. In the steady-hand paradigm, the surgeon and the robot share control of a tool attached to the robot through a force sensor. The robot controller senses forces exerted by the operator on the tool and uses this information in various control modes to provide smooth, tremor-free, precise positional control and force scaling. The steady-hand manipulator reported here has been specifically designed with the unique constraints of retinal microsurgery in mind. In particular, the system makes use of a compact wrist design that places the bulk of the robot away from the operating field. The resulting system has high efficacy, flexibility and ergonomics while meeting the accuracy and safety requirements of microsurgery. We have now tested this robot on a biological model system and we report a protocol for reliably cannulating ∼80 µm OD veins (the size of veins in the human retina) using the system.

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“…Once the injection system was prepared, a 12-14 day old chicken embryo was prepared as described in [13] to expose the CAM, and placed under the microscope (Figs. 6, 7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Chicken Embryos As Eye Phantomsmentioning

confidence: 95%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development and Application of a New Steady-Hand Manipulator for Retinal Surgery

Mitchell¹,

Koo²,

Iordachita³

et al. 2007

Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation

138

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Leng et al [43] showed that vessels on the CAM of a developing chicken embryo are a valid test bed for studies on human retinal vessel puncture. According to the experimental procedure in [2], a 5-day-old chicken embryo placed in a Petri dish was covered with a layer of AK350 silicon oil to present a clear medium in which an agent could swim.…”

Section: In Vitro Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

OctoMag: An electromagnetic system for 5-DOF wireless micromanipulation

Kratochvil

Kummer

Abbott

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation

113

155

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Abstract-We demonstrate five-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) wireless magnetic control of a fully untethered microrobot (3-DOF position and 2-DOF pointing orientation). The microrobot can move through a large workspace and is completely unrestrained in the rotation DOF. We accomplish this level of wireless control with an electromagnetic system that we call OctoMag. OctoMag's unique abilities are due to its utilization of complex nonuniform magnetic fields, which capitalizes on a linear representation of the coupled field contributions of multiple soft-magnetic-core electromagnets acting in concert. OctoMag was primarily designed to control intraocular microrobots for delicate retinal procedures, but it also has potential uses in other medical applications or micromanipulation under an optical microscope.

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“…12) Other proposed uses of CAM include as an acceptable alternative to in vivo irritation tests on mucous membranes, 13) model tissue for surgical retinal research and simulation, 14) drug screening model for sensitizers in retinal disease, 15) short-term in vivo system for human skin 16) and in vivo test systems for human prostate cancer cells.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of Hypericin across Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane and Photodynamic Therapy Vasculature Assessment

Saw

Olivo

Chin

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a photosensitizer for the treatment of superficial cancers. Hypericin (HY; a naphthodianthrone, MW 504.45; Fig. 1) is a potent and promising photosensitizer found in the plant, Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John's wort.1) HY exhibits a bright fluorescence with potent photosensitizing properties. It was reported to be useful for the detection of bladder carcinoma in situ, with a sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 95% respectively.2) Recent studies in our research group suggest that HY induces vascular damage and caused direct tumor cell death in human mucosal carcinoma cells with murine tumor models.3) St John's wort had been demonstrated to be an efficacious antidepressant of superior short-term safety profile when compared with other standard antidepressants 4) although concerns were raised over potential interactions between St. John's wort and certain other prescribed medicines.5) Topical application of HY in PDT will definitely reduce such concerns and allow drug delivery to the target site with reduced risk of systemic side effects. 2)HY is sparingly soluble in water. 6) Plasma protein was proposed as an 'effective' HY transporter/carrier 2) but an acceptable pharmaceutical solvent has still to be found for HY. Due to its hydrophobicity, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a popular solvent for the preparation of HY in biodistribution studies [6][7][8] as well as to assess phototoxicity of HY. 9) However, these formulations are not ideal for actual clinical use in human. Recently, we have investigated the effectiveness of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as a potential solvent for HY in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model for its potential anti-vasculature effects.10) This present study further investigated quantitatively the uptake of HY and PDT vascular damage on CAM. Also, the role of solvent system on HY transport will be examined.The chemical groups reported to cause the phototoxic effects of HY-PDT are the semiquinone, singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals. 11) Concomitantly, it was suggested that damage to the tumor vasculature is the primary mechanism of tumor destruction instead of direct tumor killing via apoptosis or necrosis.8) The CAM model had been used to evaluate photosensitizers' ability to induce vasculature damage.12) Other proposed uses of CAM include as an acceptable alternative to in vivo irritation tests on mucous membranes, 13) model tissue for surgical retinal research and simulation, 14) drug screening model for sensitizers in retinal disease, 15) short-term in vivo system for human skin 16) and in vivo test systems for human prostate cancer cells.17) The CAM assay will possibly enable a reduction or substitution of experiments on animals. It has several advantages including simplicity, rapidity, sensitivity, ease of performance and cost effectiveness. This study examined the transport of a photosensitizer (hypericin, HY) using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a model of transport after topical administration. Th...

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The Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Model Tissue for Surgical Retinal Research and Simulation

Cited by 95 publications

References 30 publications

Development and Application of a New Steady-Hand Manipulator for Retinal Surgery

Development and Application of a New Steady-Hand Manipulator for Retinal Surgery

OctoMag: An electromagnetic system for 5-DOF wireless micromanipulation

Transport of Hypericin across Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane and Photodynamic Therapy Vasculature Assessment

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