The Chemokine System in Experimental and Clinical Hematology

Abstract

The chemokine family consists of approximately 50 small (8-14 kDa), basic proteins that are expressed and released by a wide range of normal and malignant cells. Based on their molecular structure, these cytokines are divided into the two major subgroups CCL and CXCL chemokines that bind to CCR or CXCR receptors, respectively. These mediators are important for regulation of cell viability, proliferation, differentiation, and migration. Chemokines are important for cell migration during embryogenesis; they are involved in the regulation of complex processes like local recruitment of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, and regulation of normal as well as leukemic hematopoiesis. Chemokines can be constitutively released by malignant hematopoietic cells as well as by bone marrow stromal cells. This bidirectional crosstalk between malignant hematopoietic cells and neighboring stromal cells may therefore be important for the development and clinical presentation of malignant diseases, and the chemokines or their receptors may also represent a target for specific anticancer therapy at the molecular level.

Serum cytokine and adhesion molecule profile differs in newly diagnosed acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia

“…Cytokines and adhesion molecules have been studied in many pathological states including cancer [1][2][3] and acute leukemias, both myeloid (AML) and lymphoblastic (ALL) (ref. [4][5][6] ).…”

Pathway Crosstalk Analysis Based on Protein-protein Network Analysis in Ovarian Cancer

“…There is no direct evidence, to our knowledge, of the crosstalk between Notch signaling pathway and chemokine signaling pathway, though our analysis indicated their relationship. NF-κβ is an important regulator of the expression of several chemokines, and Notch-initiated signaling may thereby affect chemotaxis and cell trafficking (Bruserudet al, 2007;Bruserud and Kittang, 2010). Therefore, we suggested an indirect manner was present between them mediated by NF-κβ signaling pathway.…”

Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis: A new versatile tool for determining protein biomarkers in inflammatory processes

“…Cytokines are small proteins with molecular weights ranging from 8 to 40 kDa [11,22,23,[38][39][40]. They affect virtually every biological process, including embryonic development, wound healing, hematopoiesis, disease pathogenesis, non-specific response to infection, specific response to antigen, changes in cognitive functions and progression of the degenerative processes of aging.…”

“…They affect virtually every biological process, including embryonic development, wound healing, hematopoiesis, disease pathogenesis, non-specific response to infection, specific response to antigen, changes in cognitive functions and progression of the degenerative processes of aging. Today, the term ''cytokine'' encompasses IFNs, the interleukins, the chemokine family, mesenchymal growth factors, the tumor necrosis factor family, and adipokines (For review of the most crucial cytokines see [11,22,23,[38][39][40]). …”