The Chemokine SDF1/CXCL12: A Novel Autocrine/Paracrine Factor Involved In Pituitary Adenoma Development

Barbieri, Federica

doi:10.2174/1876528901104010064

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…In vitro studies showed that CXCL12 activation provided a proliferation advantage to the adenoma cells [74]. CXCR4 was also expressed in several stem cell populations [78] including stem/progenitors involved in pituitary development [71], we hypothesized that putative CSCs for human pituitary adenomas may derive from CXCL12/CXCR4-expressing cells in the normal pituitary, and thus this phenotype was extended to all the adenoma cells [79]. In particular, these data suggested that, due to the proliferative advantage granted by CXCR4 constitutive activation, these cells could be one of the target cell populations that clonally expand during pituitary tumorigenesis.…”

Section: Pituitary Adenoma Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Pituitary Stem Cells: From Pituitary Plasticity to Adenoma Development

Florio

2011

Neuroendocrinology

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The pituitary needs high plasticity of the hormone-producing cell compartment to generate the continuously changing hormonal signals that govern the key physiological processes it is involved in, as well as homeostatic cell turnover. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. It was proposed that adult stem cells direct the generation of newborn cells with a hormonal phenotype according to the physiological requirements. However, only in recent years adult pituitary stem cells have begun to be phenotypically characterized in several studies that identified multiple stem/progenitor cell candidates. Also considering the incompletely defined features of this cell subpopulation, some discrepancies among the different reports are clearly apparent and long-term self-renewal remains to be unequivocally demonstrated. Here, all the recently published evidence is analyzed, trying, when possible, to reconcile the results of the different studies. Finally, with the perspective of shedding light on pituitary tumorigenesis and the development of potentially new pharmacological approaches directed against these cells, very recent evidence on the presence of putative cancer stem cells in human pituitary adenomas is discussed.

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Section: Pituitary Adenoma Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Pituitary Stem Cells: From Pituitary Plasticity to Adenoma Development

Florio

2011

Neuroendocrinology

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“…CXCR4 is upregulated in putative PSCs (44,52), and SP cells of mouse pituitary gland (34). In the stem cell niches CXCL12/CXCR4 axis acts as chemoattractant and trophic factor for several cell types via paracrine and/or autocrine mechanisms (55), and induces EMT in progenitors (47,56); this activity was also described in pituitary (51), further suggesting an association between its expression/activity and the stem cell phenotype.…”

Section: Pituitary Stem Cells In Cell Turnover and Responses To Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental Evidence and Clinical Implications of Pituitary Adenoma Stem Cells

et al. 2020

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Pituitary adenomas, accounting for 15% of diagnosed intracranial neoplasms, are usually benign and pharmacologically and surgically treatable; however, the critical location, mass effects and hormone hypersecretion sustain their significant morbidity. Approximately 35% of pituitary tumors show a less benign course since they are highly proliferative and invasive, poorly resectable, and likely recurring. The latest WHO classification of pituitary tumors includes pituitary transcription factor assessment to determine adenohypophysis cell lineages and accurate designation of adenomas, nevertheless little is known about molecular and cellular pathways which contribute to pituitary tumorigenesis. In malignant tumors the identification of cancer stem cells radically changed the concepts of both tumorigenesis and pharmacological approaches. Cancer stem cells are defined as a subset of undifferentiated transformed cells from which the bulk of cancer cells populating a tumor mass is generated. These cells are able to self-renew, promoting tumor progression and recurrence of malignant tumors, also conferring cytotoxic drug resistance. On the other hand, the existence of stem cells within benign tumors is still debated. The presence of adult stem cells in human and murine pituitaries where they sustain the high plasticity of hormone-producing cells, allowed the hypothesis that putative tumor stem cells might exist in pituitary adenomas, reinforcing the concept that the cancer stem cell model could also be applied to pituitary tumorigenesis. In the last few years, the isolation and phenotypic characterization of putative pituitary adenoma stem-like cells was performed using a wide and heterogeneous variety of experimental models and techniques, although the role of these cells in adenoma initiation and progression is still not completely definite. The assessment of possible pituitary adenoma-initiating cell population would be of extreme relevance to better understand pituitary tumor biology and to identify novel potential diagnostic markers and pharmacological targets. In this review, we summarize the most updated studies focused on the definition of pituitary adenoma stem cell phenotype and functional features, highlighting the biological processes and intracellular pathways potentially involved in driving tumor growth, relapse, and therapy resistance.

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“…Moreover, in vitro studies showed that CXCL12 activation is a mitogen for human pituitary adenoma cells [ 67 ]. Thus, it was proposed that putative CSCs for human pituitary adenomas may derive from CXCR4 + /CXCL12 + cells in normal pituitary and that, due to the proliferative advantage granted by the autocrine activation of CXCR4 via the constitutive CXCL12 secretion, these cells could be one of the cell populations that clonally expand during pituitary tumorigenesis [ 68 ].…”

Section: Adult Pituitary Stem Cells and Tumor Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult Pituitary Stem Cells

Florio¹

2013

Adult Stem Cells

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Underlying mechanisms leading to pituitary plasticity by which the gland adapts the number of hormone-producing cell to the continuously changing physiological requirements are still poorly understood. Adult stem cells were shown to direct homeostatic cell maintenance, regeneration, and functional plasticity in several organs and tissues. Only recently potential stem cells were identifi ed and phenotypically characterized in adult pituitary. Multiple possible stem/progenitor cell candidates were proposed, but different studies have been only partially reconciled. Here, we critically analyzed the reports addressing the identifi cation of adult pituitary stem cells, trying, when possible, to reunite the results of the different studies. Nonetheless, in light of the still non-complete characterization of these cells, some discrepancies among the published studies are still apparent. Importantly, long-term in vitro self-renewal, a defi ning feature of stem cells, remains to be unequivocally demonstrated. Finally, the potential role of adult pituitary stem (or progenitor) cells in pituitary adenoma development will be discussed.

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The Chemokine SDF1/CXCL12: A Novel Autocrine/Paracrine Factor Involved In Pituitary Adenoma Development

Cited by 12 publications

References 132 publications

Adult Pituitary Stem Cells: From Pituitary Plasticity to Adenoma Development

Adult Pituitary Stem Cells: From Pituitary Plasticity to Adenoma Development

Experimental Evidence and Clinical Implications of Pituitary Adenoma Stem Cells

Adult Pituitary Stem Cells

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