The chemistry of the cell walls of Bacillus anthracis: the effect of penicillin

Ratney, Ronald S.

doi:10.1016/0926-6534(65)90024-2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of PGN components (Supplementary Figure 2): a mass to charge ratio (m/z) of 455.1 atomic mass units corresponded to an N-acetylated disaccharide, glucosamine-muramic acid, which is a carbohydrate subunit of the PGN chain; a m/z of 826.8 atomic mass units represented the disaccharide substituted with a peptide chain containing alanine, diaminopimelic acid, and glutamic acid; and a m/z of 897.7 atomic mass units contained additional alanine. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum analysis did not detect any additional compounds, confirming that the preparation contained pure PGN of a published structure [29,30].…”

Section: Pgn Compositionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Bacillus anthracis Cell Wall Peptidoglycan but Not Lethal or Edema Toxins Produces Changes Consistent With Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Rat Model

Qiu¹,

Li²,

Shiloach³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Pgn Compositionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Bacillus anthracis Cell Wall Peptidoglycan but Not Lethal or Edema Toxins Produces Changes Consistent With Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Rat Model

Qiu¹,

Li²,

Shiloach³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…This also can be seen in the case of B. licheniformis strains 749/C and 6346/C; although they produce large amounts of /B-lactamase, they are highly susceptible to benzylpenicillin, the minimum inhibitory concentration being 0.16 ,ug/ml (175). Bacillus anthracis V1B-189 is highly susceptible to benzylpenicillin, but the strain actively produces ,8-lactamase simultaneously (180). In addition, an S. aureus strain susceptible to 0.06 ,ug of benzylpenicillin per ml and 0.56 jig of methicillin per ml produced B-lactamase at 1 U/(1.3 x 109) cells (193).…”

Section: Pathogenic Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 76%

Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and producing bacteria, with special reference to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Ogawara¹

1981

Microbiological Reviews

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“…Strains of B. licheniformis have been shown to produce large amounts of a ␤-lactamase and yet be sensitive to penicillin (9). In another study, a strain was shown to be highly susceptible to penicillin and still actively produce a ␤-lactamase (10). Penicillin resistance in Bacillus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Diverse Bacillus anthracis Isolates

Coker

Smith

Hugh‐Jones

2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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A test of 25 genetically diverse isolates of Bacillus anthracis was conducted to determine their susceptibility to seven clinically relevant antimicrobial agents. Etest strips (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) were used to measure the MICs for the isolates. Using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards MIC breakpoints for staphylococci, three isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin and five were found to be resistant to cefuroxime. The penicillin-resistant isolates were negative for ␤-lactamase production. Continued surveillance of B. anthracis field isolates is recommended to monitor antimicrobial susceptibility.The etiologic agent of anthrax, Bacillus anthracis, causes an acute disease, primarily of herbivores, that is transmissible to humans. Susceptible animals are primarily infected by the spores formed during the vegetative state of the bacteria. Spores may be found in soil contaminated by diseased animals or in diseased animal products, such as hair, wool, hides, and bones. The importance of treatment of the disease in humans has been underscored by the bioterrorism events of October 2001 in the United States. Ciprofloxacin was the antimicrobial agent of choice for prophylactic treatment after exposure to the spores of B. anthracis that were used in the bioterrorism events. Penicillin, traditionally the drug of choice for treatment, is still recommended in other parts of the world despite reports of penicillin resistance (2, 3). The Centers for Disease Control recommended ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and doxycycline for the treatment of human anthrax and for use as a prophylactic measure prior to and during the October event (1). In the past, streptomycin, penicillin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol have also been recommended (7).Other articles concerning B. anthracis and antimicrobial susceptibility have been written: two over 10 years ago and one within the past year. The first paper, published in 1990 by Lightfoot et al., determined the antimicrobial susceptibility of 70 isolates of B anthracis to penicillin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, gentamicin, streptomycin, erythromycin, tretracycline, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin by agar dilution (6). Penicillin resistance and ␤-lactamase production were noted in two isolates. This paper was quickly followed in 1991 by a paper by Doganay and Aydin (2). They tested 22 B. anthracis isolates against 27 antimicrobial agents by agar dilution and reported that 19 isolates showed resistance to the five broad-spectrum cephalosporins tested. The isolates were shown to be sensitive to the other antimicrobials tested. These two papers were very basic in their approach and reporting. The latest paper, by Mohammed et al., tested 65 isolates with nine antimicrobial agents by using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) broth microdilution method (7). The results obtained from 50 of the isolates were compared to those obtained with Etest strips. One isolate was penicillin resistant, and no statistically significant difference was ...

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The chemistry of the cell walls of Bacillus anthracis: the effect of penicillin

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Bacillus anthracis Cell Wall Peptidoglycan but Not Lethal or Edema Toxins Produces Changes Consistent With Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Rat Model

Bacillus anthracis Cell Wall Peptidoglycan but Not Lethal or Edema Toxins Produces Changes Consistent With Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in a Rat Model

Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and producing bacteria, with special reference to beta-lactam antibiotics.

Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Diverse Bacillus anthracis Isolates

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