The chemistry of krypton

Lehmann, John F.

doi:10.1016/s0010-8545(02)00202-3

Cited by 137 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…The noble gas chemistry-particularly that of xenon and krypton, and including organoxenon chemistry (Naumann and Tyrra 1989;Frohn and Jakobs 1989)-has flourished since 1962 (Christe and Wilson 1982;Christe et al 1991;Dixon et al 2007), and even argon has proved to form a stable chemical compound, HArF, at sufficiently low temperatures (Khriachtchev et al 2000)-it remains the only isolated chemical compound of argon. Consequently, with over half a thousand of currently known compounds of noble gases, their chemistry has been extensively reviewed during the last three decades (Laszlo and Schrobilgen 1988;Lehmann et al 2002;Schrobilgen and Moran 2003;Grochala 2007;Grochala et al 2011;Brock et al 2013;Hope 2013;Haner and Schrobilgen 2015). Moreover, the experimental and theoretical chemistry and physics of noble gas compounds at high pressure started to flourish (Kim et al 2010;Kurzydłowski et al 2011;Dong et al 2017;Zhu et al 2013Zhu et al , 2014 Table of… and Schwerdtfeger 2014; Li et al 2015;Dewaele et al 2016;Kurzydłowski and ZaleskiEjgierd 2016), following the preliminary exploration a decade ago (Grochala 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

On the position of helium and neon in the Periodic Table of Elements

Grochala

2017

Found Chem

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Helium and neon, the two lightest noble gases, have been traditionally positioned by IUPAC in the Group 18 of the Periodic Table of Elements, together with argon, and other unreactive or moderately reactive gaseous elements (krypton, xenon, radon), and oganesson. In this account we revive the old discussion on the possible placement of helium in the Group 2, while preserving the position of neon in Group 18. We provide quantum-chemical arguments for such scenario-as well as other qualitative and quantitative arguments-and we describe previous suggestions in the literature which support it or put it into question. To this author's own taste, He should be placed in Group 2.

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confidence: 99%

On the position of helium and neon in the Periodic Table of Elements

Grochala

2017

Found Chem

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“…Interestingly, our structure searches do not identify any phases containing KrF + and Kr 2 F 3 + cations, which are known to form upon reaction of KrF 2 with fluoride acceptors [7]. This might hint at the fact that the fluoride-donor properties of KrF 2 are suppressed at large compression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Due to its higher ionization potential (14.0 eV), krypton is much less reactive and forms compounds only in the +2 oxidation state [7][8][9]. All of these connections are derived from krypton difluoride (KrF 2 ), a compound discovered in 1963 [10][11][12][13], only a year after Bartlett's landmark synthesis of the first xenon compound [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Pressure Reactivity of Kr and F2—Stabilization of Krypton in the +4 Oxidation State

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Since the synthesis of the first krypton compound, several other Kr-bearing connections have been obtained. However, in all of them krypton adopts the +2 oxidation state, in contrast to xenon which forms numerous compounds with an oxidation state as high as +8. Motivated by the possibility of thermodynamic stabilization of exotic compounds with the use of high pressure (exceeding 1 GPa = 10 kbar), we present here theoretical investigations into the chemistry of krypton and fluorine at such large compression. In particular we focus on krypton tetrafluoride, KrF 4 , a molecular crystal in which krypton forms short covalent bonds with neighboring fluorine atoms thus adopting the +4 oxidation state. We find that this hitherto unknown compound can be stabilized at pressures below 50 GPa. Our results indicate also that, at larger compressions, a multitude of other Kr m F n fluorides should be stable, among them KrF which exhibits covalent Kr-Kr bonds. Our results set the stage for future high-pressure synthesis of novel krypton compounds.

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“…Unlike xenon compounds, which have been characterized for xenon in the +½, +2, +4, +6, and +8 oxidation states, krypton chemistry is limited to the +2 oxidation state and all known compounds have been derived from KrF 2 (ref. 3).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Its synthesis in gram quantities is challenging and only a few low-temperature methods 3 based on the generation of F • radicals are in use, such as hot wire, electric glow discharge, and UV photolysis (pictured) methods. Derivatives of KrF 2 are often prepared by utilizing its fluoride-ion donor abilities, which in reaction with strong Lewis acids such as SbF 5 These applications demonstrate that the original krypton compound, KrF 2 , is not simply a chemical curiosity in the scientific cabinet of wonders but also a part of the chemist's toolbox.…”

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confidence: 99%