The chemistry of dyeing

The dyehouse into the 21st century

“…The objective was partly to provide a means of developing more effective dyeing methods, and partly to obtain a clearer understanding of the relationship between dye structure, dye interaction with relevant fibres and fastness properties. Both of these objectives have been fulfilled over the past half-century, particularly in the field of fibre-reactive dyes [17,18].…”

Structure‐staining relationships in histochemistry and biological staining

“…Hydrogen bonding between reagent and tissue may well be commonplace. HOWever, in aqueous systems this will rarely contribute to affinities, due to competition from the solvent (see Rattee, 1972). Hydrogen bondmg may be more significant in non-aqueous systems.…”

The Physical Chemistry of Dyeing

“…By creating conditions such that CF, Cs or T remains constant, isosteres, isobars and isotherms, respectively, may be obtained. The isotherm expressed by Eqn 6 is observed in ideal mixing situations where the interaction between dye molecules is comparable with the interaction between dye and substrate molecules [3]. Under these conditions the energy of the dye-substrate bond should then be approximately equal to the geometric mean of the cohesive energy densities of the dye and of the polymer.…”

“…These authors give a concise and mathematically oriented review of models which can be applied to the thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing processes and which can serve as the starting point for any future studies of more specific systems. Current ideas on interaction forces between dye and polymer molecules derived from thermodynamic and kinetic data have been discussed recently by Rattee [3], who states that, in addition to progress in the understanding of dye-substrate systems, recent studies are beginning to reveal new problems as well as solutions. Mention should also be made of an earlier (1968) publication by Peters [4], since this appears to be the latest definitive text on diffusion described in terms of model and actual systems.…”