The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anatoxin-a and Related Homotropanes with respect to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Wonnacott, Susan; Gallagher, Timothy

doi:10.3390/md403228

Cited by 73 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(109 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(Wonnacott and Gallagher, 2006;Osswald et al, 2007;Rubio et al, 2014;Jiang et al, 2015). Anatoxins are acetylcholine agonists affecting neurotransmission, with the potential to cause mammalian respiratory failure (Rubio et al, 2014;Wonnacott and Gallagher, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Cases of animal intoxication due to cyanobacterial toxin exposure are regularly reported in different places around the world, and it is now recognized that the release of cyanobacterial toxins in water reservoirs and water supplies has major implications for public health and for the environment (8). For instance, anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a, two cyanobacterial neurotoxins, provoke the rapid death of animals by acute asphyxia when ingested, because these alkaloids are potent agonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (6,11,43,44).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of Cylindrospermopsin and 7-Epicylindrospermopsin in Oscillatoria sp. Strain PCC 6506: Identification of the cyr Gene Cluster and Toxin Analysis

Mazmouz

Chapuis-Hugon

Mann

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

123

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cylindrospermopsin is a cytotoxin produced by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and other cyanobacteria that has been implicated in human intoxications. We report here the complete sequence of the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of this toxin in Oscillatoria sp. strain PCC 6506. This cluster of genes was found to be homologous with that of C. raciborskii but with a different gene organization. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an optimized liquid chromatography analytical method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, we detected 7-epicylindrospermopsin, cylindrospermopsin, and 7-deoxycylindrospermopsin in the culture medium of axenic Oscillatoria PCC 6506 at the following relative concentrations: 68.6%, 30.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. We measured the intracellular and extracellular concentrations, per mg of dried cells of Oscillatoria PCC 6506, of 7-epicylindrospermopsin (0.18 g/mg and 0.29 g/mg, respectively) and cylindrospermopsin (0.10 g/mg and 0.11 g/mg, respectively). We showed that these two toxins accumulated in the culture medium of Oscillatoria PCC 6506 but that the ratio (2.5 ؎ 0.3) was constant with 7-epicylindrospermopsin being the major metabolite. We also determined the concentrations of these toxins in culture media of other Oscillatoria strains, PCC 6407, PCC 6602, PCC 7926, and PCC 10702, and found that, except for PCC 6602, they all produced 7-epicylindrospermopsin and cylindrospermopsin, with the former being the major toxin, except for PCC 7926, which produced very little 7-epicylindrospermopsin. All the cylindrospermopsin producers studied gave a PCR product using specific primers for the amplification of the cyrJ gene from genomic DNA.Cyanobacteria are known to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites (19), some of which are toxic to humans and animals, and cyanobacterial blooms are frequently associated with human-or animal-poisoning events. Several classes of cyanobacterial toxins have so far been identified, including hepatotoxins, neurotoxins, cytotoxins, and irritants (42). Cases of animal intoxication due to cyanobacterial toxin exposure are regularly reported in different places around the world, and it is now recognized that the release of cyanobacterial toxins in water reservoirs and water supplies has major implications for public health and for the environment (8). For instance, anatoxin-a and homoanatoxin-a, two cyanobacterial neurotoxins, provoke the rapid death of animals by acute asphyxia when ingested, because these alkaloids are potent agonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (6,11,43,44).In 1979, a significant human-poisoning incident was reported on Palm Island in Australia (14, 16). Afterwards, it was shown that the compound responsible for that poisoning was cylindrospermopsin (CYN) (Fig. 1) and that this cytotoxic molecule was produced by a cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (28). Since then, it was shown that this molecule is also produced by cyanobacteria belonging to other genera such as Anabaena (38), Aphanizomenon (1, ...

show abstract

“…1) are potent neurotoxins produced by cyanobacteria (3,20,21). Cases of animal death, after the animals ingested water contaminated by cyanobacteria producing these alkaloids, are regularly reported in different places around the world (2, 6-8, 20, 22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Polyketide Synthase Coding Sequence Specific for Anatoxin-a-Producing Oscillatoria Cyanobacteria

Cadel-Six

Iteman

Peyraud-Thomas

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anatoxin-a and Related Homotropanes with respect to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Cited by 73 publications

References 69 publications

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

Cyanotoxins in inland lakes of the United States: Occurrence and potential recreational health risks in the EPA National Lakes Assessment 2007

Biosynthesis of Cylindrospermopsin and 7-Epicylindrospermopsin in Oscillatoria sp. Strain PCC 6506: Identification of the cyr Gene Cluster and Toxin Analysis

Identification of a Polyketide Synthase Coding Sequence Specific for Anatoxin-a-Producing Oscillatoria Cyanobacteria

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About