THE CHEMISTRY AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF AN EXTRACELLULAR LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI

Accumulation of a precursor of subunit S1 of pertussis toxin in cell envelopes of Bordetella pertussis in response to the membrane perturbant phenethyl alcohol

“…The outer membranes obtained were similar to the extracellular outer-membrane projections of B. pertussis reported by Morse and Morse (1 970) and resembled outer-membrane vesicles of gram-negative bacteria reported by others (Work et al, 1966;Perera et al, 1982). The localisation of pS1 in the cytoplasmic membranes conformed to the concept that most bacterial proteins destined for either the periplasm or the outer membrane are synthesised as precursors in the cytoplasmic membrane (Randall et al, 1978 ;Hall and Silhavy, 198 1 ;Pagks and Lazdunski, 1981).…”

Role of extracellular membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, renal diseases, atherosclerosis, and arthritis

“…99 The release of vesicles from the bacterial outer cell membrane seems to be dependent on the bacterial strain and nutrient availability. 100 The shed vesicles have an important role in periodontitis by serving as reservoirs for bacterial virulence factors, such as proteolytic enzymes, toxins, 53 and LPS (Table 2). These vesicles also contain factors that promote bacterial adherence to the infection site.…”

Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Peptidoglycan-Associated Outer Membrane Proteins in Vesicle Formation

“…Among prokaryotes, vesicle formation has been reported in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (1,2,4,5). Gram-negative bacteria produce spherical, bilayered vesicles derived from the outer membrane that range in size from 20 to 500 nm (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

“…esiculation is a highly conserved process occurring in all domains of life (1)(2)(3)(4). Among prokaryotes, vesicle formation has been reported in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (1,2,4,5).…”