The chemiluminescent responses of phagocytic cells of coho salmon, rainbow trout and carp against Renibacterium salmoninarum

Investigation of factors influencing the ability ofRenibacterium salmoninarumto stimulate rainbow trout macrophage respiratory burst activity

“…These events determine the establishment or eradication of a disease, as a successful pathogenic bacterium must multiply su$ciently to establish itself in the host or reach su$cient numbers to ensure e$cient transmission. In the present study, it has been demonstrated that early contact of macrophages with R. salmoninarum induces release of O 2 from macrophages in agreement with the study of Sakai et al (1996) using unfractionated kidney phagocytes, and that this reaction can be up-regulated by the use of macrophage activators. Release of oxygen radicals from phagocytes in response to bacterial pathogens is well known in fish, and in general it is accepted that live microorganisms elicit a more intense response than dead ones (Stave et al, 1984).…”

“…LPS is known for its ability to increase phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity in fish macrophages (Secombes, 1994;Solem et al, 1995) so it is possible that the increased killing seen in these experiments is correlated with an increase of Renibacterium uptake as Bandin et al (1995) have shown that the pathogen is ingested in the absence of serum factors after incubation for 24 h. Sakai et al (1996) correlated susceptibility of R. salmoninarum to the respiratory burst elicited by the pathogen in di#erent fish species. This, together with the observations by Hardie et al (1996) that only MAF-activated macrophages can kill Renibacterium, suggests that the level of respiratory burst is also very important for clearance of the pathogen.…”

“…Furthermore, prior incubation of R. salmoninarum in immune serum plus complement significantly increased survival and growth of the phagocytosed bacteria (Bandin et al, 1995). Sakai et al (1996) looked at species di#erences and found that carp leucocytes produced a high respiratory burst, followed by rainbow trout and coho salmon, which positively correlated with their susceptibility to R. salmoninarum (carp being completely resistant and coho salmon being very sensitive). This suggests a very important relationship between resistance to BKD and the respiratory burst by phagocytic cells.…”

Dietary vitamin E and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocyte functions: effect on gut and on head kidney leucocytes

“…During phagocytosis stimulation of the macrophage membrane triggers the production of microbicidal oxygen free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as an increase in their oxygen consumption by a phenomenon termed the respiratory burst (Secombes et al, 1988;Sakai et al, 1996). These ROS such as the superoxide (O 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radical ( v OH), and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), play an important role in the antimicrobial activity of phagocytic cells.…”

In vitro effects of singular or combined anti-oxidative vitamins and/or minerals on tilapia (Oreochromis hybrids) peripheral blood monocyte-derived, anterior kidney-derived, and spleen-derived macrophages

“…During phagocytosis stimulation of the macrophage membrane triggers the production of microbicidal oxygen free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as increasing their oxygen consumption, a phenomenon termed the respiratory burst [33]. Hence, these free radicals play an important role in the antimicrobial activity of macrophages.…”