The chemical structure of kaki-tannin from immature fruit of the persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.).

Matsuo, Tomoaki; Ito, Shigeaki

doi:10.1271/bbb1961.42.1637

Cited by 138 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…accumulates soluble CT in fruit, which is responsible for its strong astringency trait, during the early stages of fruit development. Matsuo and Ito (1978) analyzed the toluene-α-thiol degradation products of persimmon fruit CTs isolated from 'Hiratanenashi' (pollination variant astringency; PVA type). The results suggested that the proposed CT structure consists of two types of flavan-3-ols; catechin (C) and gallocatechin (GC), and their gallate forms; CA-3-O-gallate (CG) and GC-3-O-gallate (GCG), with a molar ratio of 1 : 2 : 1 : 2, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensed Tannin Composition Analysis in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Fruit by Acid Catalysis in the Presence of Excess Phloroglucinol

Akagi

Suzuki

Ikegami

et al. 2010

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) accumulates soluble condensed tannin (CT) in fruit which is responsible for its astringency trait. In this study, we analyzed the CT composition in persimmon fruit with phloroglucinol, and identified and characterized novel epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate-phloroglucinol (EGCG-P) adducts as one of the main CT components of persimmon fruit. Analysis with phloroglucinol in persimmon cultivars revealed the different tendencies of the CT composition and component ratio among the four astringency types (PCNA, PVNA, PVA, and PCA), which are categorized by their patterns of astringency loss. The concentration of the main CT component in persimmon fruit, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), was particularly different among astringency types. Further analysis of the fruit at various maturation stages will help in understanding the different mechanisms of CT accumulation among astringent types. Our results demonstrated that the phloroglucinol methodology is useful for CT composition analysis in persimmon fruit and will contribute to future studies on the astringency trait in this fruit.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensed Tannin Composition Analysis in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Fruit by Acid Catalysis in the Presence of Excess Phloroglucinol

Akagi

Suzuki

Ikegami

et al. 2010

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…PAs in persimmon fruit constitute more than 1% of its fresh weight (Taira et al, 1998). PAs are high-M r polymers with a mean degree of polymerization above 30 at the middle developmental stages, during which the accumulation of PA terminates in certain cultivars (Matsuo and Ito, 1978;Akagi et al, 2009a), which causes very strong astringency. Wild-type astringent-type (A-type) persimmon fruit accumulates PAs for a long term during its developmental stages, which ranges from the stage before full anthesis (April in Japan) to before the mature stage (August in Japan; Akagi et al, 2009a).…”

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confidence: 99%

Seasonal Abscisic Acid Signal and a Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor, DkbZIP5, Regulate Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Persimmon Fruit

et al. 2011

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Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are secondary metabolites that contribute to plant protection and crop quality. Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) has a unique characteristic of accumulating large amounts of PAs, particularly in its fruit. Normal astringent-type and mutant nonastringent-type fruits show different PA accumulation patterns depending on the seasonal expression patterns of DkMyb4, which is a Myb transcription factor (TF) regulating many PA pathway genes in persimmon. In this study, attempts were made to identify the factors involved in DkMyb4 expression and the resultant PA accumulation in persimmon fruit. Treatment with abscisic acid (ABA) and an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor resulted in differential changes in the expression patterns of DkMyb4 and PA biosynthesis in astringent-type and nonastringent-type fruits depending on the development stage. To obtain an ABA-signaling TF, we isolated a full-length basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF, DkbZIP5, which is highly expressed in persimmon fruit. We also showed that ectopic DkbZIP5 overexpression in persimmon calluses induced the up-regulation of DkMyb4 and the resultant PA biosynthesis. In addition, a detailed molecular characterization using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay and transient reporter assay indicated that DkbZIP5 recognized ABA-responsive elements in the promoter region of DkMyb4 and acted as a direct regulator of DkMyb4 in an ABA-dependent manner. These results suggest that ABA signals may be involved in PA biosynthesis in persimmon fruit via DkMyb4 activation by DkbZIP5.

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“…3 Bezoars have a propensity to develop in both the stomach and small intestine, and account for 0.4% to 4% of all gastrointestinal obstructions. 4 The word ''bezoar'' is derived from the Persian Farsi language and was coined in 1854 by a pathologist named Quain when he found an intragastric mass during autopsy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Persimmon Bezoar: A Case Report

Funamizu

Kumamoto

Watanabe

et al. 2015

International Surgery

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Owing to their rare occurrence, persimmon bezoars are often overlooked as a cause of small bowel obstruction. We herein report a small bowel obstruction in a 67-year-old Japanese female who regularly consumed persimmons in autumn. The patient presented to our hospital with typical complaints of abdominal distension with pain for 2 days. Based on the patient's history of a cesarean section 34 years ago, we initially diagnosed her with small bowel obstruction resulting from adhesions and placed an ileus tube. At first, the patient rejected the operation in spite of our recommendation. After 10 days, because the ileus tube was unable to relieve the obstruction, finally surgery was scheduled. Upon releasing the obstruction by partial resection of the small bowel, we found an impacted bezoar without any evidence of adhesions. After stone analysis, we first realized her regular persimmon intake. This case serves as an important reminder to obtain dietary history in order to investigate all possible causes of small bowel obstruction when intestinal obstruction is suspected.

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The chemical structure of kaki-tannin from immature fruit of the persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.).

Cited by 138 publications

References 0 publications

Condensed Tannin Composition Analysis in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Fruit by Acid Catalysis in the Presence of Excess Phloroglucinol

Condensed Tannin Composition Analysis in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Fruit by Acid Catalysis in the Presence of Excess Phloroglucinol

Seasonal Abscisic Acid Signal and a Basic Leucine Zipper Transcription Factor, DkbZIP5, Regulate Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis in Persimmon Fruit

Intestinal Obstruction Caused by Persimmon Bezoar: A Case Report

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