The chemical properties of element 104

Zvára, I.; Chuburkov, Yut; Caletka, R.; Zvarova, T.S.; Shalaevskii, M.P.; Shilov, B. V.

doi:10.1016/0022-3107(67)90075-5

Cited by 29 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Chemical studies of transactinides reach back to the 1960 th [1]. From the very beginning gas phase techniques have been successfully applied to investigate properties of the lighter transactinides, the 6d-elements Rf, Db, Sg, and Bh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chemical properties of heaviest elements

Gäggeler¹

2011

Radiochimica Acta

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Summary. Chemical studies at the upper end of the periodic table have reached atomic number 114. Recent experiments aiming at investigating chemical properties of elements Cn, 113, and 114 are summarized. Though partly preliminary, all these elements behave as expected: due to the filled 6d 10 shell, they do not behave like transition metals anymore, as observed for the lighter transactinides. They exhibit a volatile behavior as expected for 7s and 7 p elements. On the other hand, due to the extremely low signal to noise ratio in detectors used to identify separated products highest precaution on identifying single atoms is mandatory. As an example, published early attempts to synthesize Cn and to perform chemical studies with this element that could not be confirmed in later studies are summarized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chemical properties of heaviest elements

Gäggeler¹

2011

Radiochimica Acta

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“…In the early frontal gas-chromatographic experiments with element 104 [10,11], the target-andrecoil chamber was bombarded by the internal beam inside the cyclotron. The recoils were stopped in nitrogen heated to 300 °C (flow rate 18-20 l min -1 ) and transported into an outlet tube (i.d.…”

Section: Target and Transport Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, early experiments exploited the volatility of RfCl 4 in the gas phase [9][10][11][12]. In aqueous solutions, the complexing with α-hydroxyisobutyrate (α-HIB) [13] and the formation of anionic chlorocomplexes [14] confirmed a behavior radically different from that of the heavy actinides.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…First-generation gas-phase experiments with chlorides [15] and bromides [16,17] of Db, element 105, indicated also for Db halides a much greater volatility than that of the respective actinide compounds. As the experimental deposition temperature in such thermochromatography experiments depends on the migration time and the latter, in turn, strongly depends on the nuclear half-life, these experiments [9][10][11][12][15][16][17] did not allow for detailed comparisons of the volatility of Rf and Db with the volatilities of their homologs. The respective correction technique based on a microscopic model of gas-solid interactions [18,19] in open columns was outlined later [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Critical evaluation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements (IUPAC Technical Report)

Kratz¹

2003

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Names of countries given after Members' names are in accordance with the IUPAC Handbook 1998Handbook -1999. Republication Abstract: In this paper, the chemical properties of the transactinide elements rutherfordium, Rf (element 104); dubnium, Db (element 105); and seaborgium, Sg (element 106) are critically reviewed. The experimental methods for performing rapid chemical separations on a time scale of seconds are reviewed, and comments are given on the special situation with the transactinides for which the chemistry has to be studied with single atoms. There follows a systematic description of theoretical predictions and experimental results on the chemistry of Rf, Db, and Sg-their mutual comparison and evaluation. The literature cited has the cutoff date of March 1999. The more recent chemical identification of bohrium, Bh (element 107), and of hassium, Hs (element 108), should be evaluated in a future Part II of this report.

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“…al. [1][2][3][4][5]. Taking advantage of the fact that bromides and chlorides of the group 4 and 5 elements, and possibly Rf and Ha, form rather volatile species, they performed gas-solid thermochromatography.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%