The Chemical Profile and Potency of Albertisia papuana Leaves in Suppressing Withdrawal Symptoms of Morphine Addiction in Mice

Abstract

Opiate addiction is a very troublesome issue, with the number of cases increasing every year. Rehabilitation methods that are currently available are often unsatisfactory as the drugs used for the detoxification process can inflict adverse effects such as cravings and respiratory depression. Albertisia papuana leaves, commonly called mekai by the Dayak tribe, are often used by these people to enhance the taste of food. This plant has antidotal potential and affects the nervous system. However, research on this plant is still scarce, thus its effectiveness in overcoming drug dependence is not yet proven. We attempted to explore this plant by analysing its chemical content using LC-MS/MS and assessing its potential as a withdrawal symptom suppressor in a model of narcotic dependence by observing addictive behaviour in mice. The chemical profile of A. papuana included C7H16NO3, C20H26NO3, C20H24NO4, C19H37N4O3, C21H22NO4, and C47H50N9O12. The observation of withdrawal behaviour was done using psychomotor tests, curiosity and coordination tests, as well as light and ear nerve sensitivity tests. The results showed values that were close to the control group, with consecutive values of 12.38 ± 5.25 seconds, 3.75 ± 4.35 seconds, 4.00 ± 3.74 seconds, 60.25 ± 51.08 seconds and 139.50 ± 61.70 seconds for mice that were given A. papuana leaf extracts. In all tests, A. papuana significantly reduced withdrawal effects. This data may be used for further research on the use of A. papuana leaves in rehabilitation treatments for morphine addiction.

Scientific Transformation of Islamic Boarding Schools through Role of Alums the Islamic Education Study Program

“…Previous research similar to this by Suhardin, with the title The Role of Alumni of Islamic Religious Universities in Society, produced findings. The average score of eleven alum abilities in his research is (1) (10) average score of teaching evaluation skills 3.17; and (11) average score of ability to guide students outside the classroom 3.35 (Suhardin, 2018). Then, research also conducted by Faisal Kamal with the title Transformation of Islamic boarding schools Education as a 21st Century Islamic Education Institution produced findings that Islamic boarding schools as Islamic education institutions have transformed and experienced changes that can be seen from the functions of Islamic boarding schools as social institutions and Islamic boarding schools as educational institutions (Kamal, 2018); (Ikhwan et al, 2019).…”

“…Knowledge and experience can be obtained through outdoor activities, such as extracurricular scouting, designed by Islamic boarding schools. Scouting extracurricular activities aim to train the student of Islamic boarding schools DDI As-Salman to be independent, as revealed by Hajrah, that students are included in extracurricular programs and one of the goals is to train student children to be independent (Hajrah, 2021).…”