The chemical ecology of the fungus-farming termite symbiosis

Schmidt, Suzanne; Kildgaard, Sara; Guo, Huijuan; Beemelmanns, Christine; Poulsen, Michael

doi:10.1039/d1np00022e

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(330 reference statements)

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“…[16] Based on our detailed analysis of the madurastatin-related GNPS network, three related compounds (2-4) were isolated and structurally identified based on 1D and 2D NMR analysis and HRMS/MS interpretation (Figure 3A). This deduction was verified by 2D NMR analysis ( 1 H-1 H COSY, HSQC, and HMBC correlations of H 2 -14/C-13, H 2 -14/C-16, and H 2 -15/C-16) and 3 J HH vicinal correlations between H 2 -14 and H 2 -15. To further proof the stereochemistry of compound 4, we also obtained two synthetic isomers of 4 a (D-serine) and 4 b (Lserine) and comparative 1D NMR analyses indicated identical chemical shift and J-coupling pattern between madurastatin G1 (4) and synthetic isomer salicyl-D-Ser-L-ala-ß-Ala-OH (4 a) (synthesized by Biosyntan GmbH), suggesting again the presence of D-serine in 4 (Figures S50-S61).…”

Section: Structural Elucidation Of Madurastatin Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Defensive symbiotic microorganisms of fungus farming insects have been shown to produce a diverse set of bioactive natural products to prevent detrimental infestations of the susceptible fungal monoculture. [1][2][3] We recently intensified our research efforts on elucidating the defensive functions of Actinobacteria in the fungus-farming termite Macrotermes natalensis [4,5] and found that most of the actinobacterial isolates produced mixtures of secondary metabolites that are active against the co-occurring weed fungi. Within these studies, we became particular intrigued by members of the fairly underexplored genus Actinomadura, [6][7][8] including Actinomadura sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GNPS‐Guided Discovery of Madurastatin Siderophores from the Termite‐Associated Actinomadura sp. RB99**

Lee

Schalk

Schwitalla

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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In this study, we analyzed if Actinomadura sp. RB99 produces siderophores that that could be responsible for the antimicrobial activity observed in co-cultivation studies. Dereplication of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) and global natural product social molecular networking platform (GNPS) analysis of fungus-bacterium cocultures resulted in the identification of five madurastatin derivatives (A1, A2, E1, F, and G1), of which were four new derivatives. Chemical structures were unambiguously confirmed by HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR experiments, as well as MS/MS data and their absolute structures were elucidated based on Marfey's analysis, DP4 + probability calculation and total synthesis. Structure analysis revealed that madurastatin E1 (2) contained a rare 4-imidazolidinone cyclic moiety and madurastatin A1 (5) was characterized as a Ga 3 + -complex. The function of madurastatins as siderophores was evaluated using the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans as model organism. Based on homology models, we identified the putative NRPS-based gene cluster region of the siderophores in Actinomadura sp. RB99.

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Section: Structural Elucidation Of Madurastatin Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GNPS‐Guided Discovery of Madurastatin Siderophores from the Termite‐Associated Actinomadura sp. RB99**

Lee

Schalk

Schwitalla

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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“…Phylogenetically, it is close to two viruses, Agaricus bisporus virus 9 and Lentinula edodes deltaflexivirus 2, both found in edible basidiomycete mushrooms [ 31 , 32 ]. This is noteworthy, considering that M. carbonarius (where deltaflexi-like contigs were detected) is a species that cultivates basidiomycete fungi of the genus Termitomyces (Agaricales) as a food source [ 33 ]. If these deltaflexi-like contigs indeed form parts of a viral genome, then the virus is not likely to infect termites, but fungi cultivated by termites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virome of Three Termite Species from Southern Vietnam

Litov¹,

Zueva

Tiunov

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Modern metagenomic approaches enable the effective discovery of novel viruses in previously unexplored organisms. Termites are significant ecosystem converters and influencers. As with the majority of tropical forest insects, termites are studied insufficiently, and termite virome remains especially understudied. Here, we studied the virome of lichenophagous and mycophagous termites (Hospitalitermes bicolor, Macrotermes carbonarius and Odontotermes wallonensis) collected in the Cat Tien National Park (Vietnam). We assembled four full genomes of novel viruses related to Solemoviridae, Lispiviridae, Polycipiviridae and Kolmioviridae. We also found several contigs with relation to Chuviridae and Deltaflexiviridae that did not correspond to complete virus genomes. All the novel viruses clustered phylogenetically with previously identified viruses of the termites. Deltaflexi-like contigs were identified in the fungi-cultivating M. carbonarius and showed homology with viruses recently discovered in the edible basidiomycete mushrooms.

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“…The highest diversity of insects in the world is found in Brazil (Rafael et al 2009), so ecological-based research of specialized metabolites mediating insect-microbial symbiosis would represent a new and underexplored approach in the field of Natural Products Chemistry in the country. Previous remarkable results have described specialized metabolites mediating microbial symbiosis in termites, beetles, wasps and Attine ants (Van Arnam et al 2018, Schmidt et al 2022, Kroiss et al 2010), all collected outside Brazil. These data were the basis for the establishment of the first International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG) in Brazil, bringing together a team of researchers from the US (Harvard Medical School, University of Wisconsin-Madison) and Brazil (University of São Paulo).…”

Section: Microorganisms Associated To Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioprospecting macroalgae, marine and terrestrial invertebrates & their associated microbiota

et al. 2022

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The present review aims the discussion of the impact of the bioprospection initiative developed by the projects associated to BIOprospecTA, a subprogram of the program BIOTA, supported by FAPESP. This review brings a summary of the main results produced by the projects investigating natural products (NPs) from non-plants organisms, as examples of the success of this initiative, focusing on the progresses achieved by the projects related to NPs from macroalgae, marine invertebrates, arthropods and associated microorganisms. Macroalgae are one of the most studied groups in Brazil with the isolation of many bioactive compounds including lipids, carotenoids, phycocolloids, lectins, mycosporine-like amino acids and halogenated compounds. Marine invertebrates and associated microorganisms have been more systematically studied in the last thirty years, revealing unique compounds, with potent biological activities. The venoms of Hymenopteran insects were also extensively studied, resulting in the identification of hundreds of peptides, which were used to create a chemical library that contributed for the identification of leader models for the development of antifungal, antiparasitic, and anticancer compounds. The built knowledge of Hymenopteran venoms permitted the development of an equine hyperimmune serum anti honeybee venom. Amongst the microorganisms associated with insects the bioprospecting strategy was to understand the molecular basis of intra- and interspecies interactions (Chemical Ecology), translating this knowledge to possible biotechnological applications. The results discussed here reinforce the importance of BIOprospecTA program on the development of research with highly innovative potential in Brazil.

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The chemical ecology of the fungus-farming termite symbiosis

Abstract: Since the early 1970s, 375 natural products have been identified from members of the fungus-farming termite symbiosis, and this review summarises and discusses the ecological implications of the presence of this vast chemical repertoire.

Cited by 36 publications

References 162 publications

GNPS‐Guided Discovery of Madurastatin Siderophores from the Termite‐Associated Actinomadura sp. RB99**

GNPS‐Guided Discovery of Madurastatin Siderophores from the Termite‐Associated Actinomadura sp. RB99**

Virome of Three Termite Species from Southern Vietnam

Bioprospecting macroalgae, marine and terrestrial invertebrates & their associated microbiota

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