The Chemical Dynamics of Bone Mineral

Neuman, W. F.; Neuman, M.W.

doi:10.1097/00000441-195912000-00030

Cited by 269 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…'l'hus'~ the main source of phosphate esters must be derived ul.timately from glycogen. Another theory has been proposed by Neuman and Neuman (1958), in Which they suggest that ester phosphates strongly absorbed by bone mineral act as crystal poisons, inhibiting crystal growth.…”

Section: Sternocosta1 Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A histological and histochemical study of the development of the sternum in thalidomidetreated rats

Globus

Gibson

1968

Teratology

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The development of the sternum was studied in normal and thalidomide‐treated rat embryos and fetuses. Morphologically, the sternal abnormalities included: crowding of the sternocostal articulations, absence of sternebrae, “scrambled” sternebrae, paired sternebrae, torsion of the sternum, partially cleft sternums, and completely bifurcated sternums. These malformations were related to an abnormal rib pattern and to a delayed growth rate of the ribs and sternebral primordia. Histochemically, the distribution and relative amounts of glycogen, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and ribonucleic acid were studied. In cartilage the degradation of glycogen and the activity of alkaline phosphatase were influenced by thalidomide. This resulted in increased storage of glycogen and a reduction or absence of alkaline phosphatase activity. These changes were reflected in the rate of deposition of the cartilage matrix, and were most notable at the hypertrophic cartilage stage. Calcification of the cartilage was delayed, indicating the retardation in matrix deposition. No changes were observed in the staining pattern of ribonucleic acid. The deposition and calcification of endochondral bone was delayed, possibly caused by the delay in chondrification rather than by a direct effect on the ossification mechanism. No changes were observed in the development of the intramembranous, subperiosteal bone.

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Section: Sternocosta1 Junctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A histological and histochemical study of the development of the sternum in thalidomidetreated rats

Globus

Gibson

1968

Teratology

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“…Natural bone is a complex living natural organic and inorganic composite material consisting of type I collagen fibrils with embedded well-arrayed nano crystalline inorganic material of HAP [7][8][9]. Synthetic HAP has the stoichiometric chemical formula of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 and HAP has been shown to exhibit excellent bone substitute qualities for hard tissues because of its biocompatibility and biodegradability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dilute gelatine on the ultrasonic thermally assisted synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite

Brundavanam

Jiang

Chapman

et al. 2011

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Accepted ManuscriptThis is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Effect of Dilute Gelatine on the Ultrasonic Thermally AbstractA series of nano hydroxyapatite-gelatin composites with different dilute solutions of gelatin concentrations were synthesized by a thermally assisted low power ultrasonic irradiation method.The gelatine hydroxyapatite, (Gel-HAP) nanoparticles were prepared using Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and KH 2 PO 4 in the presence of gelatine in an aqueous solution. The synthesised products were heat treated between 100°C and 400°C. The effect of the addition of gelatin on the nucleation and growth of synthesised nano HAP was investigated. Characterisation was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The characterisation results indicate that gelatin has been appended to the nano HAP forming regular spherical shaped crystals of nano sized Gel-HAP.

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“…The major component of bone matrix is bone mineral, which provides its resistance to compression, and in combination with type I collagen produces a skeleton of great strength and durability. However, the bone matrix is also amassive depot of minerals [Neuman and Neuman, 1958]. This includes over 99% of the body's calcium, but the calcium-balancing anions, mainly PO 4 3− , are also important and, in the presence of a chronic acid load, amount to approximately 1.5 moles of available base equivalents for each calcium [Cho et al, 2003].…”

Section: Bulk Calcium Transport By the Osteoblast And Related Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That the surface osteoblasts are connected to the earlier generations of osteoblasts (called osteocytes), which have become embedded in the matrix produced by the cells, allows the unit to be regulated by interaction with marrow cells and serum components. It has long been known that the access of water and ions to bone matrix is very restricted [Deakins and Burt, 1944;Neuman and Neuman, 1958]. Thus the bone matrix is entirely surrounded by cells, which control the movement of constituent proteins of bone matrix and also of the ions which are deposited to produce bone mineral.…”

Section: Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium Signalling and Calcium Transport in Bone Disease

Blair

Schlesinger

Huang

et al.

Subcellular Biochemistry

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Calcium transport and calcium signalling mechanisms in bone cells have, in many cases, been discovered by study of diseases with disordered bone metabolism. Calcium matrix deposition is driven primarily by phosphate production, and disorders in bone deposition include abnormalities in membrane phosphate transport such as in chondrocalcinosis, and defects in phosphate-producing enzymes such as in hypophosphatasia. Matrix removal is driven by acidification, which dissolves the mineral. Disorders in calcium removal from bone matrix by osteoclasts cause osteopetrosis. On the other hand, although bone is central to management of extracellular calcium, bone is not a major calcium sensing organ, although calcium sensing proteins are expressed in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Intracellular calcium signals are involved in secondary control including cellular motility and survival, but the relationship of these findings to specific diseases is not clear. Intracellular calcium signals may regulate the balance of cell survival versus proliferation or anabolic functional response as part of signalling cascades that integrate the response to primary signals via cell stretch, estrogen, tyrosine kinase, and tumor necrosis factor receptors Keywords Hypophosphatasia; chondrocalcinosis; osteopetrosis; osteoporosis Although bone is not considered a major calcium sensing organ in humans, the cells of bone tissue control over 99% of the human body's calcium content. The principal calcium sensors that regulate bone calcium uptake and release are in the parathyroid glands. Bone function is also modified by vitamin D and by calcium transport in the kidney and intestine. These indirect mechanisms of controlling bone calcium metabolism are beyond the scope of our considerations here. In spite of processing such massive quantities of the Ca 2+ bone cells use calcium in their homeostatic control processes. The massive movement of calcium is carried out by specialized and regulated transporters. Defects in the transporters cause diseases with affect bone structure or function. Indeed, inborn errors have been very important in defining the calcium transport mechanisms in bone.Additionally, calcium is used by bone forming and bone degrading cells as a secondary mediator of hormone and cytokine action. These actions include roles in intercellular communication within groups of osteoblasts, which are connected by gap junctions [Henriksen et al., 2006]. These osteoblast groups function in a coordinated fashion in bone synthesis and maintenance, and are collectively known as the osteon. Osteoblasts in these groups are connected by gap junctions which are capable of propagating signals in the cell groups, including calcium waves [Xia and Ferrier, 1992]. Calcium is also an important regulator of

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The Chemical Dynamics of Bone Mineral

Cited by 269 publications

References 0 publications

A histological and histochemical study of the development of the sternum in thalidomidetreated rats

A histological and histochemical study of the development of the sternum in thalidomidetreated rats

Effect of dilute gelatine on the ultrasonic thermally assisted synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite

Calcium Signalling and Calcium Transport in Bone Disease

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