The Chemical Constituents of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus and Their Inhibitory Effect on α-Glucosidase Activity

Tan, Jinyan; Cheng, Yangang; Wang, Shihui; Li, Jianli; Ren, Haiqin; Qiao, Yansong; Liu, Qingshan; Wang, Yingli

doi:10.3390/molecules27103045

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The butanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts with the most potent antioxidant activity against DPPH also show the strongest inhibition of α-glucosidase better than acarbose, with IC50 values equal to 11.66 ± 1.21 µg/mL and 16.17 ± 0.24 µg/mL, respectively, (p < 0.05), and this means that the antioxidant activity can impact the anti-diabetic property of our extract. In their study, Tan et al report that the compound isolated from EtOH 70% walnut extract, especially flavonoids, shows a significant αglucosidase inhibitory activity (α-GIA), which can justify and support our results [113] .…”

Section: α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Bioactivity of Walnut: Investigating the Triterpenoid Saponin Extracts of Juglans regia Kernels for Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic, and Antimicrobial Properties

Elouafy¹,

Mortada²,

Yadini³

et al. 2023

Prog Micobes Mol Biol

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The increasing demand for plant-based medicines makes plant research attractive to find natural alternatives that can replace synthetic products or at least reduce their use. Saponins are a group of natural phytochemical compounds in most herbs, vegetables, and legumes. There are two different types of saponin compounds, which can be classified based on the nature of the aglycone bound to the oligosaccharide fragments, whether it is a steroid or triterpenoid. This paper is devoted to saponins with triterpenoid aglycone and aims to study the relationship between their content and several biological activities in different Juglans regia kernel extracts, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antibacterial activities. Antioxidant activity was assessed against two free radicals: DPPH and ABTS. Oleanolic acid was used as a standard to quantify triterpenoid saponins, measured by the vanillin method, whereas Acarbose and Tetracycline were used as positive controls to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities, respectively, of walnut kernel extracts. Findings show that hydroalcoholic extract (EtOH 70%) has a considerable content of phenolic compounds, with 59.51 ± 0.26 mg GAE/g in total polyphenol contents, while the content of total flavonoids and condensed tannins were 3.14 ± 0.27 mg QE/g and 85.65 ± 0.37 mg CE/g of crude extract, respectively. In terms of antioxidant activity, the butanolic extract proved to be the most effective against DPPH with IC50 = 7.74 ± 1.49 µg/mL, while the precipitated extract showed the highest scavenging activity against the ABTS free radical with IC50 = 33.14 ± 2.96 µg/mL. In addition, butanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Juglans regia kernels showed an α-glucosidase inhibitory activity even more efficiently than synthetic drugs such as Acarbose, with IC50 values of 11.66 µg/mL and 16.17 µg/mL, respectively, versus 18.01 µg/mL in Acarbose. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia strains revealed that some extracts could inhibit these bacteria. This study successfully assessed the bioactivities of the extracts, suggesting that the extracts of medicinal plants can demonstrate stronger bioactivity than pure synthetic compounds.

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Section: α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activitysupporting

confidence: 85%

Bioactivity of Walnut: Investigating the Triterpenoid Saponin Extracts of Juglans regia Kernels for Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic, and Antimicrobial Properties

Elouafy¹,

Mortada²,

Yadini³

et al. 2023

Prog Micobes Mol Biol

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“…Most of the reviewed studies reported the usage of WS in powder form, following the preparatory grinding of plant material. The extractions were conducted in ethanol [ 20 , 22 , 38 , 40 ] or methanol [ 26 , 27 , 32 ] at various concentrations, as well as in solvent mixes such as acetone:water [ 24 ], acetone:acetonitrile [ 25 ], and acetone:cyclohexane [ 27 ]. The extraction methods were generally based on ultra-turrax homogenization and stirring [ 24 ], vibrating [ 25 ], ultrasonic extraction [ 26 , 27 , 37 ], condensation and reflux, or enzyme-assisted extraction [ 32 ], then centrifugation, solvent evaporation, and lyophilization.…”

Section: Phytochemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reviewed studies used various chromatographic techniques for identifying phenolic compounds: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [ 24 ], liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) [ 32 ], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 20 , 22 , 26 , 37 , 38 ], or ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) differently equipped: UPLC-MS (17), UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry HRMS [ 27 ], or UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS [ 40 ].…”

Section: Phytochemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation performed by Tan et al 2022 (a) [ 38 ] also reported cyclolignans (5-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol), monoepoxylignans (erythro-guaiacyl-glycerol-β-O-4′-(5′)-methoxylariciresinol), rhoiptelol B, and benzofuran lignans (dihydrodehydodiconiferyl alcohol). However, these compounds were not quantified.…”

Section: Phytochemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the sesquiterpenoid compounds were megastigmanes, including blumenol B [ 22 , 25 , 38 ], blumenol C glucosides [ 22 , 38 ], and diamegastigmanes (A, B, and C) [ 38 ]. This class also includes taraxasteranes (Juglansin A, B, C, and D) [ 38 ].…”

Section: Phytochemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Walnut Septum: A Systematic Review

2023

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In the last few decades, scientific evidence has stressed the importance of plants in the prevention and/or supportive treatment of a plethora of diseases, many of them chronic, age-associated disorders. Juglans regia L. is a traditional plant that has been integrated into traditional medicine since ancient times. Due to the presence of biologically active compounds, walnut was used in the treatment of various maladies. Recently, investigations have focused on the walnut by-products and waste products, with research on their valuable constituents and active properties. Among these secondary products, walnut septum was analyzed in several studies, its phytochemical profile described, and some of the biological activities examined. However, compared to other walnut by-products, no comprehensive review to gather all the pertinent scientific knowledge was found in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to critically assess the information furnished by peer-reviewed articles regarding the walnut septum chemical composition and the related biological activities, including antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory effects, antimicrobial properties, antidiabetic activities, anti-tumor properties, and anti-aging potential. In conclusion, as these preclinical studies showed that walnut septum metabolites were responsible for a wide range of preventive and therapeutic uses, further research should confirm the beneficial outcomes in clinical trials.

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A Review on Extracts, Chemical Composition and Product Development of Walnut Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus

Zhan,

Ma,

Chen

et al. 2023

Foods

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Walnuts are one of the world’s most important nut species and are popular for their high nutritional value, but the processing of walnuts produces numerous by-products. Among them, Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus has attracted the attention of researchers due to its complex chemical composition and diverse bioactivities. However, comprehensive reviews of extract activity and mechanistic studies, chemical composition functionality, and product types are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the extracts, chemical composition, and product development of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus. Conclusions: For extracts, the biological activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts have been studied more extensively than those of methanol extracts, but almost all of the studies have been based on crude extracts, with fewer explorations of their mechanisms. For chemical composition, the bioactivities of polyphenols and polysaccharides were more intensively studied, while other chemical constituents were at the stage of content determination. For product development, walnuts are mainly used in food and medicine, but the product range is limited. In the future, research on the bioactivity and related mechanisms of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus can be further expanded to improve its value as a potential natural plant resource applied in multiple industries.

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The Chemical Constituents of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus and Their Inhibitory Effect on α-Glucosidase Activity

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Bioactivity of Walnut: Investigating the Triterpenoid Saponin Extracts of Juglans regia Kernels for Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic, and Antimicrobial Properties

Bioactivity of Walnut: Investigating the Triterpenoid Saponin Extracts of Juglans regia Kernels for Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic, and Antimicrobial Properties

Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Walnut Septum: A Systematic Review

A Review on Extracts, Chemical Composition and Product Development of Walnut Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus

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