The chemical constituents and economic plants of the Euphorbiaceae

Rizk, Sameh A.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1987.tb01052.x

Cited by 86 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Lipids were the main reserve materials stored in the endosperm. Seeds of species belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae are usually rich in lipids (Rizk, 1987), e.g. castor-bean (Ricinus communis) seeds where the lipid content (Copeland and McDonald, 1995) approaches that found for E. heterophylla.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and initial seedling development of Euphorbia heterophylla

Suda

Giorgini

2000

Rev. Bras. Fisiol. Veg.

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-Seed composition and reserve mobilization were investigated in wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.). Lipids, around 60% of seed dry mass, are the major reserve. Proteins, including albumins (49%), salt insoluble globulins (30%), salt-soluble globulins (21%) and prolamins (0.3%), comprise about a quarter of seed dry mass. Soluble sugars comprise about 3.6% of seed dry mass, sucrose being the predominant sugar. Starch was not detected in the endosperm of E. heterophylla. Lipid depletion starts after initial imbibition, and is completed between 72 and 96 hours. Protein fractions exhibit different degradation patterns, salt-soluble globulins being continuously degraded after the start of imbibition whereas salt insoluble fractions are degraded between 36 and 72 hours, and albumins between 60 and 84 hours. Globulin depletion is accompanied by an increase in free amino acids in the endosperm whereas intense albumin depletion is not. This result suggests that during albumin depletion there is a rapid transfer of amino acids to the growing embryo. Histochemical studies indicated that light accelerates protein degradation in the micropylar area of the seed. Soluble sugars increase in the embryo with no concomitant decrease in the endosperm, suggesting that sugars are mostly originated from the catabolism of lipids. ADDITIONAL INDEX TERMS:Weed, wild poinsettia, Euphorbiaceae, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates. COMPOSIÇÃO E MOBILIZAÇÃO DE RESERVA DA SEMENTE DEEuphorbia heterophylla DURANTE A GERMINAÇÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DA PLÂNTULA RESUMO -A composição e a mobilização de reservas da semente de amendoim-bravo (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) foi investigada. Os lipídios constituem cerca de 60% da massa seca da semente, sendo o principal material de reserva. As proteínas constituem aproximadamente a quarta parte da massa seca da semente distribuídas entre as frações de albuminas (49%), globulinas insolúveis (30%), globulinas solúveis em solução salina (21% ) e prolaminas (0,3%). Os açúcares solúveis constituem cerca de 3,6% da massa seca da semente, sendo a sacarose o açúcar predominante. O amido não foi detectado no endosperma de E. heterophylla. A degradação dos lipídios inicia-se logo após a embebição inicial da semente sendo completada entre 72 e 96 horas. As frações protéicas têm diferentes padrões de degradação: as globulinas solúveis são continuamente degradadas após o início da embebição da semente, as globulinas insolúveis entre 36 e 72 horas e as albuminas entre 60 e 84 horas. A degradação das globulinas é concomitante com o aumento nos níveis de aminoácidos no endosperma, mas a degradação de albuminas não é. Esse resultado sugere que durante a degradação de albuminas ocorre uma rápida transferência de aminoácidos do endosperma para o embrião. Estudos histoquímicos indicaram que a luz acelera a degradação das proteínas na região micropilar da semente. Os açúcares solúveis aumentam no embrião sem uma concomitante diminuição no esdosperma, sugerindo que os açúcares são originados do catabolismo de l...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and initial seedling development of Euphorbia heterophylla

Suda

Giorgini

2000

Rev. Bras. Fisiol. Veg.

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“…5, No. 4;2013 cycloeuphornol and euphorbol backbone (Rizk, 1987). Other minor compounds identified during GCMS analysis include phytol, ergostadiol, hentriacontane, sitastirol aceate, lupeol and hopenone.…”

Section: Phytochemical Screening Using Gcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Phytochemical Screening of Root Extract of Synadenium glaucescens Pax

Mabiki

Magadula²,

Mdegela³

et al. 2013

IJC

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Optimization of extraction conditions and phytochemical screening of the root bark of Synadenium glaucescens were carried out in a stepwise manner in order to obtain the highest yields and the constituents of the extracts. Sequential extraction using Soxhlet method was performed using dichloromethane, hexane and petroleum ether, respectively, each followed by ethanol. Extraction conditions included: running time of 2 to 6 hours, temperature at 25 o C to 95 o C and particle size ranging from 0.4mm to >3mm diameter. Phytochemical screening was done using derivatisation techniques, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Extraction with dichloromethane followed by ethanol resulted in a higher yield by 25%, within 4 hrs of extraction, particle size of 1mm, at temperatures of 30 o C for dichloromethane and 75 o C for ethanol. Fatty acid analysis indicated absence of free fatty acids in both Dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts. Silylation and Thin Layer Chromatography indicated the presence of non hindered and hindered functionality and the presence of triterpenoids in the dichloromethane extract. Phytochemical screening of the dichloromethane extracts indicated that it is composed of two main triterpenoids that best matched with Lanosterol (42%) and Cycloartenol (31%). Other minor compounds identified through chromatographic analysis were phytol, ergostadiol, hentriacontane, sitastirol aceate, lupeol and hopenone. The ethanolic extracts indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds.

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“…3 The literature search revealed that members of the genus Glochidion were known to contain many bioactive compounds, mainly terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, alkaloids and to a lesser extent cyanogenic glycosides and glucosinolates. 4 But reported studies on Glochidion superbum are more limited than those on other species. Methyl gallate is widely found in many families and species of plants especially in the Acaraceae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Methyl Gallate isolated from the Leaves ofGlochidion superbumAgainst Hospital Isolates of Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus aureus

et al. 2017

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− An antimicrobial compound has been isolated from the leaves of Glochidion superbum. The compound was determined as methyl 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate), based on ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis. The isolated compound exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against three clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by qualitative agar disc diffusion method and quantitative broth dilution method. Agar disc diffusion was done in a dose-dependent manner for each bacterial isolate at disc potencies of 25, 50, 100, and 150 µg/disc. The zones of inhibition were on average equal to 12.27, 14.20, 15.43, and 24.17 mm respectively. The inhibition zones were compared with that of vancomycin disc at 30 µg as a reference standard. The MIC and MBC values were 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL respectively. The results of anti MRSA activity were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Turkey's HSD and Duncan test. In conclusion, methyl gallate which was isolated from G. superbum showed the inhibition activity against methicillin resistant S. aureus.

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The chemical constituents and economic plants of the Euphorbiaceae

Cited by 86 publications

References 92 publications

Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and initial seedling development of Euphorbia heterophylla

Seed reserve composition and mobilization during germination and initial seedling development of Euphorbia heterophylla

Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Phytochemical Screening of Root Extract of Synadenium glaucescens Pax

Antimicrobial Activity of Methyl Gallate isolated from the Leaves ofGlochidion superbumAgainst Hospital Isolates of Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus aureus

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