The chemical composition of leaves from indigenous fodder trees in South Africa

Lukhele, M.S.; Ryssen, J.B.J. van

doi:10.4314/sajas.v30i4.3915

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Browse species generally contain a higher crude protein concentration than grasses (Minson 1990, Lukhele 2002 Kalahari from 1977 to 1979, Skarpe and Bergström (1986) reported similar crude protein values for A. erioloba to those found in the present study, although the values for G. flava in their study were slightly lower, as is the mean of 11.5% described for the arid savannas of South Africa (van Rooyen 2002). Research on Stipagrostis obtusa in the Karoo found that its crude protein content ranged from 3.1% to 10.6% (Louw 1969) and in the Free State a crude protein content of 5.0% was reported (van Rooyen 2002).…”

Section: Crude Proteinsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Browse species generally show less seasonal fluctuation in chemical composition than tropical grasses (Lukhele 2002). However, in the present study browse was found to fluctuate as much as, if not more than, the grass species sampled, but in general maintained a higher level of nutrients.…”

Section: Comparison By Growth Form and Plant Speciescontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…The productivity of large herbivores depends on the intake of digestible energy and nutrients through food, and poor quality of natural food sources are known to result in reduced animal production (Lukhele 2002). The nutrient levels in plants are not constant throughout the year but fluctuate during different seasons (Skarpe andBergström 1986, Tolsma et al 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is also affected by a range of other factors, such as the stage of maturity of the plant, genetic predisposition and the weather (Underwood and Suttle 1999, Bechaz 2000, Whitehead 2000, Lukhele 2002). Different plant parts may also have different nutritional values Novellie 1982, Coleman andHenry 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) (or crude protein) contents of plants have been used as indicators of their nutritional value (Skarpe and Bergström 1986, Tolsma et al 1987, Vorster 1996, Badri and Hamed 2000, Bechaz 2000, Engelbrecht 2002, Lukhele 2002, Scogings et al 2004. Van Hoven et al (1984) studied the in vitro digestion of some plant species utilised by ungulates in the Kalahari and discussed the correlation between the percentage digestibility and the protein content of the plant species that were utilised by springbok.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal nutrient fluctuation in selected plant species in the Kalahari

Stapelberg¹,

Rooyen²,

Bothma³

2008

African Journal of Range & Forage Science

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Seasonal changes in crude protein, phosphorus and calcium contents of five common plant species in the south-western Kalahari were investigated. Three species that are browsed by springbok (Acacia erioloba, Grewia flava and Rhigozum trichotomum) and two grass species (Schmidtia kalahariensis and Stipagrostis obtusa), were included in the study. Browse species had higher crude protein, phosphorus and calcium contents than the grass species, but the fluctuation range was similar to that of the grass species. In general, the crude protein content of the food plant species sampled in the present study was above the level required by African ungulates for maintenance. However, the diet of springbok in the south-western Kalahari appeared to be phosphorus deficient. Crude protein and phosphorus levels in plant food were especially low during the cold-dry season, when the crude protein content of the grass species was at or below that which is required by springbok for sustenance. The phosphorus content was below ruminant requirements in all plant species in all habitats during the cold-dry season. Faecal crude protein and phosphorus percentages higher than that of the selected plant species investigated imply that springbok have the ability to select the most nutrient-rich plant species and plant parts available. The Ca:P ratio of the plant species that were sampled in the present study fell outside the range that is considered to be healthy for ruminants in all instances, with calcium in excess.

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Section: Crude Proteinsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Comparison By Growth Form and Plant Speciescontrasting

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal nutrient fluctuation in selected plant species in the Kalahari

Stapelberg¹,

Rooyen²,

Bothma³

2008

African Journal of Range & Forage Science

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Effects of pruning on the concentration of macronutrients in Colophospermum mopane leaves

2019

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Despite the nutritional value of Colophospermum mopane leaves to browser's diets, there is limited knowledge on the effect of browsers on the concentration of macronutrients in mopane leaves. A field experiment was conducted in Musina Nature Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa to determine the effect of pruning, a proxy for browsing, on the concentration of macronutrients in mopane leaves. Samples were analysed for calcium (Ca), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), chlorine (Cl), magnesium (Mg), nitrate (NO3), sodium (Na), protein and fibre, using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry techniques. The effect of pruning on the monthly concentration of macronutrients was tested using a two‐tailed t test: two‐sample assuming equal variance. The seasonal and annual effect of pruning on the concentration of macronutrients was tested using a one‐way ANOVA. Results showed that the amount of Ca, K, N, P, S, Cl, Na, protein and fibre increased during leaf flush in October and then declined as the leaves matured and aged. However, the concentration of Mg and NO3 increased when the leaves reached maturity in June, particularly during senescence stage, and declined thereafter. The concentration of macronutrients between the control and pruned trees was statistically insignificant for most samples.

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Heavy Metals’ Poisoning in Farm Animals

Acheampong

2023

Heavy Metals - Recent Advances

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Heavy metals are metallic elements with a high density compared to water that are found in trace amounts in a variety of matrices. Mercury poisoning can cause brain damage, skin damage, and increase risk of cancer development. Mercury-poisoned animals cannot produce meat, liver, or kidneys fit for human consumption. Heavy metals can cause cell dysfunction and toxicity by attaching to protein sites and displacing the original metals from their native binding sites. Reducing input/output ratio of heavy metals in animals should be the main objective of effective solutions. Electro-remediation involves running an electric current through liquid manure to cause metal ions to precipitate on an electrode.

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The chemical composition of leaves from indigenous fodder trees in South Africa

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Seasonal nutrient fluctuation in selected plant species in the Kalahari

Seasonal nutrient fluctuation in selected plant species in the Kalahari

Effects of pruning on the concentration of macronutrients in Colophospermum mopane leaves

Heavy Metals’ Poisoning in Farm Animals

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