The chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 during the 2009 Chinese New Year's holiday in Shanghai

Feng, Jin; Sun, Peng; Hu, Xiaoling; Wei, Zhao; Wu, Minghong; Fu, Jiamo

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.08.012

Cited by 108 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Assuming that all of the Na + ions were from sea salt, the concentrations of nss SO 2− 4 , nss Cl − , nss K + and nss Mg 2+ in PM 10 and PM 2.5 were calculated based on the composition of average seawater. The relative mass concentrations of SO 2− 4 , Cl − , K + and Mg 2+ to Na + are 0.252, 1.8, 0.037 and 0.119, respectively (Feng et al, 2012). Nearly all SO 2− 4 and K + (> 98 %) and most Mg 2+ (> 75 %) ion in both PM 10 and PM 2.5 are from non-sea-salt.…”

Section: Influence Of Firework On the Physicochemical Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Moreover, the mass ratios of NO − 3 to SO 2− 4 (NO − 3 / SO 2− 4 ) during the heavy-firework period were lower than the ratios during the light-firework period. Similarly, lower NO − 3 / SO 2− 4 during CNY was observed in Beijing (Feng et al, 2012). The change in NO − 3 / SO 2− 4 might be partly due to differing formation mechanisms.…”

Section: Influence Of Firework On the Physicochemical Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations were 148.74 µg m −3 and 96.80 µg m −3 , respectively, during the light-firework period and 249.08 µg m −3 and 165.23 µg m −3 , respectively, during the heavy-firework period. The highest concentrations were observed on the eve of CNY, when massive firework displays usually occur all over the country (Feng et al, 2012), indicating the huge influence of fireworks on the PM concentrations. Additionally, the concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2,5 during non-firework period were 133.30 µg m −3 and 83.98 µg m −3 , which were sampled from Tianjin in March and April 2013.…”

Section: Physicochemical Characteristics Of Pm 10 and Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…During the firework displays, the anthropogenic emission patterns are greatly changed (Huang et al, 2012). Many ordinary activities are decreased, such as certain industries and traffic (Feng et al, 2012), whereas degradation of the air quality may occur due to displays of fireworks. This provides a unique opportunity to study the drastic source changes and allows the quantification of the direct and indirect contributions of fireworks under significantly different emission patterns.…”

Section: Y Z Tian Et Al: Estimation Of Direct and Indirect Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5

et al. 2014

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Abstract. To quantify the total, direct and indirect impacts of fireworks individually, size-resolved PM samples were collected before, during and after a Chinese folk festival (Chinese New Year) in a megacity in China. Through chemical analysis and morphological characterisation, a strong influence of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of PM 10 and PM 2.5 was observed. The concentrations of many species exhibited an increasing trend during the heavy-firework period, especially for K + , Mg 2+ and Cr; the results of the non-sea-salt ions demonstrated an anthropogenic influence on K + and Mg 2+ . Then, source apportionment was conducted by receptor models and peak analysis (PA). The total influence of the fireworks was quantified by positive matrix factorisation (PMF), showing that the fireworks contributed higher fractions (23.40 % for PM 10 and 29.66 % for PM 2.5 ) during the heavy-firework period than during the light-firework period (4.28 % for PM 10 and 7.18 % for PM 2.5 ). The profiles of the total fireworks obtained by two independent methods (PMF and peak analysis) were consistent, with higher abundances of K + , Al, Si, Ca and organic carbon (OC). Finally, the individual contributions of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks were quantified by chemical mass balance (CMB). The percentage contributions of resuspended dust, biomass combustion and direct fireworks were 36.8 ± 8.37 %, 14.1 ± 2.82 % and 44.4 ± 8.26 %, respectively, for PM 10 and 34.9 ± 4.19 %, 16.6 ± 3.05 % and 52.5 ± 9.69 %, respectively, for PM 2.5 , in terms of the total fireworks. The quantification of the total, direct and indirect impacts of fireworks in the ambient PM gives a original contribution for understanding the physicochemical characteristics and mechanisms of such high-intensity anthropogenic activities.

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Section: Influence Of Firework On the Physicochemical Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Influence Of Firework On the Physicochemical Characteristicmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Physicochemical Characteristics Of Pm 10 and Pm 25mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Y Z Tian Et Al: Estimation Of Direct and Indirect Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM10 and PM2.5

et al. 2014

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“…Burning fireworks releases huge amounts of gaseous pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) (Huang et al, 2012), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) (Wang et al, 2007;Vecchi et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2012), as well as suspended particles containing water-soluble ions, organic/elemental carbon and trace metals (Drewnick et al, 2006;Sarkar et al, 2010;Jiang et al, 2015;Kong et al, 2015). It has been noted before that firework displays could lead to a sharp increase in PM 2.5 concentrations (Wang et al, 2007;Feng et al, 2012;Tsai et al, 2012;Han et al, 2014) and generates haze pollution within a short time (Sarkar et al, 2010;Tian et al, 2014b). In China, high-intensity firework displays mainly occur during festivals or special events, especially the Spring Festival.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 during 2015 Spring Festival in Beijing, China

Zhang

Wei

Tang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Air pollution especially of PM 2.5 pollution is a serious problem in Beijing. In order to quantify the effect of a festival in which pollution was expected to be reduced, we collected and analyzed PM 2.5 samples in urban Beijing during the 2015 Spring Festival (from February 9 th to March 6 th 2015). We divided the sampling period into three phases: non-haze, haze and firework days. The average concentration of PM 2.5 was highest on firework days at 248.9 µg m -3 , followed by haze days (199.9 µg m -3 ) and non-haze days (90.8 µg m -3 ). The air quality of non-haze days during the holiday was better than that during non-holiday periods. 2-/K + and Cl -/K + effectively distinguished the characteristics of PM 2.5 between firework events and haze days. Ion balance calculations indicated that the acidity of PM 2.5 from firework days was higher than that from haze and non-haze days. A method using enrichment factors (EF) found that crustal elements (EF < 10 on all three types of days) included Ca, Al, Fe, Na, Co, Ni, P, Ti, and V; firework elements (EF > 10 on firework days, significantly higher than haze days) were made up of Ba, Cr, Cu, Mg, Pb, S, Si, and Zn; common anthropogenic pollution elements (EF > 10 in all three types of days) were As, Cd, Cu, Pb, S, Sb, Zn. Differences in chemical characteristics indicated that holidays such as the Spring Festival can affect air pollution patterns in two ways: a decrease in the population and vehicles but an increase in activities such as firework displays.

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Recent analytical methods for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives

Hayakawa

Tang

Toriba

2016

Biomedical Chromatography

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Moreover, some oxidative metabolites of these pollutants, such as hydroxylated and epoxide PAHs, cause endocrine disruption or produce reactive oxygen species. These compounds have become a large concern from the viewpoint of particulate matter (PM ) pollution. This report deals with recent studies concerning analytical methods for PAHs, NPAHs and related compounds in atmospheric and biological samples.

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The chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 during the 2009 Chinese New Year's holiday in Shanghai

Cited by 108 publications

References 41 publications

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 during 2015 Spring Festival in Beijing, China

Recent analytical methods for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives

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The chemical composition and sources of PM2.5 during the 2009 Chinese New Year's holiday in Shanghai

Cited by 108 publications

References 41 publications

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;

Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 during 2015 Spring Festival in Beijing, China

Recent analytical methods for atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives

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Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>

Estimation of the direct and indirect impacts of fireworks on the physicochemical characteristics of atmospheric PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>