The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke

The particle size distribution of cigarette smoke is an important factor in predicting the deposition fraction of the inhaled particles in various regions of the respiratory tract. Mainstream cigarette smoke is a direct concern for smokers, while the exhaled and side stream smoke contribute to passive (second hand) smoking. The particle size distribution of tobacco smoke for mainstream and exhaled smoke has been studied in this work. This study investigates how smoking behavior, including puff volume and number of puffs, affect the particle size distribution of mainstream cigarette smoke. Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) was used to measure the particle size distribution of mainstream and exhaled cigarette smoke. The values of count median diameter (CMD) mobility size for the first four consecutive puffs were found to be 193 nm, 198 nm, 194 nm and 186 nm. As the volume of a puff increases from 35 mL to 85 mL, the CMD shifted slightly towards the higher particle size ranges, because of increased probability of coagulation and other combination processes. For the exhaled cigarette smoke, the growth factor was found to be 1.5 ± 0.3 with respect to mainstream cigarette smoke. The experimental results of particle size distributions were used in a Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model to predict deposition patterns in the human respiratory tract. The MPPD model results show the deposition fractions for mainstream cigarette smoke were 0.163, 0.152 and 0.298 for the head, trachea and bronchi (TB) and pulmonary region, and those for exhaled cigarette smoke were 0.273, 0.064 and 0.134 respectively. The total calculated deposition fraction for mainstream and exhaled cigarette smoke was found to be 0.613 and 0.471, respectively.

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“…Current literature shows 4800 identified gaseous and particulate bound compounds in cigarette smoke (Baker, 1999;Perfetti and Rodgman, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size Distribution of Mainstream and Exhaled Cigarette Smoke and Predictive Deposition in Human Respiratory Tract

Sahu

Tiwari

Bhangare

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

102

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“…Tabak und Tabakrauch enthalten über 8400 verschiedene Substanzen [2]; von diesen ist eine Vielzahl toxisch und mindestens 90 sind kanzerogen oder stehen im Verdacht, Krebs zu erzeugen [3]. Dies macht Tabakprodukte hochgradig gesundheitsgefährdend.…”

Section: Wirkungen Von Menthol Als Zusatzstoff In Tabakprodukten Undunclassified

Wirkungen von Menthol als Zusatzstoff in Tabakprodukten und die Notwendigkeit einer Regulierung

Kahnert

Nair

Mons

et al. 2012

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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Menthol is the most widely used and the most prominent tobacco additive in tobacco products advertised and marketed by the tobacco industry. Besides its characteristic flavor, it possesses a variety of pharmacological properties facilitating tobacco smoke inhalation and potentiating dependence. These properties of menthol not only favor tobacco initiation and consumption but can also prevent smoking cessation. This article summarizes the effect of menthol as an additive in tobacco products and its effect on tobacco consumption that causes a number of chronic diseases and premature death and, therefore, counteracts tobacco control measures. Currently, there is no legislative regulation in Germany that considers the health hazard, addiction-enhancing and attractiveness-increasing properties of additives permitted in tobacco products. Effective regulation or even a ban could contribute to a reduction of tobacco consumption and, hence, save many people from a long-lasting tobacco dependence.

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“…filter pads, impinger, absorbent tubes) at the end of a smoking process, with any results so obtained reflecting the whole cigarette smoking process [11,12]. This leads to averaged information about the progress of substance formation during the smoking process that cannot reveal information about their detailed reaction mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limitations of these techniques are their relatively low time resolution and their specialisation in a few selected compounds such as carbon dioxide [21], acrolein or 1,3-butadiene [23]. Since tobacco smoke is a complex and reactive matrix containing over 5,600 identified compounds in vapour and particle phases [11,24,25], unravelling mechanistic information in real time requires a fast analysis technique. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with photo ionisation has been proven to be capable of analysing cigarette smoke and other complex gas mixtures online with a high time resolution [10,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco in a cigarette smoking simulator under air and nitrogen atmosphere

et al. 2012

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A coupling between a cigarette smoking simulator and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer was constructed to allow investigation of tobacco smoke formation under simulated burning conditions. The cigarette smoking simulator is designed to burn a sample in close approximation to the conditions experienced by a lit cigarette. The apparatus also permits conditions outside those of normal cigarette burning to be investigated for mechanistic understanding purposes. It allows control of parameters such as smouldering and puff temperatures, as well as combustion rate and puffing volume. In this study, the system enabled examination of the effects of "smoking" a cigarette under a nitrogen atmosphere. Time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with a soft ionisation technique is expedient to analyse complex mixtures such as tobacco smoke with a high time resolution. The objective of the study was to separate pyrolysis from combustion processes to reveal the formation mechanism of several selected toxicants. A purposely designed adapter, with no measurable dead volume or memory effects, enables the analysis of pyrolysis and combustion gases from tobacco and tobacco products (e.g. 3R4F reference cigarette) with minimum aging. The combined system demonstrates clear distinctions between smoke composition found under air and nitrogen smoking atmospheres based on the corresponding mass spectra and visualisations using principal component analysis.

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The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke

Cited by 481 publications

References 1 publication

Particle Size Distribution of Mainstream and Exhaled Cigarette Smoke and Predictive Deposition in Human Respiratory Tract

Particle Size Distribution of Mainstream and Exhaled Cigarette Smoke and Predictive Deposition in Human Respiratory Tract

Wirkungen von Menthol als Zusatzstoff in Tabakprodukten und die Notwendigkeit einer Regulierung

Pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco in a cigarette smoking simulator under air and nitrogen atmosphere

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