The Chemical and Isotope Composition of Nitrogen Thermal Groundwaters of the Kuldur Spa (Jewish Autonomous Region, Russia)

Chemical composition and formation conditions of thermal spring “Teply Klyuch”, Primorskiy krai (Russia)

“…The waters of the Teply Klyuch deposit are characterized as warm, ultra-fresh, alkaline, and siliceous. The overall composition of the waters of the Teply Klyuch deposit is similar to that of the Kuldur type [12]. Formation of thermal waters probably took place in open fractures of deep faults, where atmospheric waters by downward flow penetrated to a depth of about 1.0-1.5 km and under the influence of heat of locally heated in the fault zone rocks acquired the temperature of +30 +40°С.…”

“…Complete chemical analyses of groundwater with determination of micro-components were performed in the Central Laboratory of Primorgeology according to the classical methodology [10]. In 2021 and 2022 we conducted studies of the chemical composition of water on 4 samples, which were pre-run through a membrane filter 0.45 μm and preserved in 50 ml tubes according to the approved at many sites [3,4,5,6,11,12] methods. For cations, the sample was acidified with concentrated ultra-pure nitric acid at the rate of 0.5 ml of acid per 50 ml of sample.…”

Geochemistry of Thermal and Cold Mineral Water and Gases of the Tien Shan and the Pamir

“…High fluoride levels in the groundwater could indicate longer water residence time in aquifers. These processes are typical and studied well in low-enthalpy thermal waters all over the world [60][61][62].…”