The Characterization of Deep Convective Clouds as an Invariant Calibration Target and as a Visible Calibration Technique

Doelling, David R.; Morstad, D.; Scarino, Benjamin; Bhatt, Rajendra; Gopalan, Arun

doi:10.1109/tgrs.2012.2225066

Cited by 114 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In fact, DCC is a relatively bright and stable target, and its TOA apparent reflectance can be obtained or simulated in advance. DCC's reflectance could be obtained by either radiative model simulation [25,26] or a reference sensor, such as MODIS or SCIAMACHY [16]. Therefore, absolute vicarious calibration-based DCC will be possible in the future, if we can have a good DCC reflectance model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The DCC nominal reflectance of band 11 is about from 80% to 90%. Doelling et al (2013) [16] show that the DCC reflectance is about 90% at 520 nm with SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography) hyper-spectral observation. However, according to Table 1, the dynamic range of band 11 is no more than 80%.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This impact should not be ignored in the process of radiometric calibration. Doelling et al (2013) provides the baseline DCC technique used in the study. First, pixel level resolution (1 km) DCCs are identified by an infrared threshold [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Doelling et al (2013) provides the baseline DCC technique used in the study. First, pixel level resolution (1 km) DCCs are identified by an infrared threshold [16]. As indicated by the results of vicarious infrared radiometric calibration researched by means of simultaneous observation in Qinghai Lake in 2008 and 2009, the brightness temperature observed through MERSI onboard calibration is systematically higher (the average value is 1.72 ± 1.18 °K) than that simulated by using site observed data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fougnie and Bach [15] used the DCC method to calibrate Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectances (POLDER) radiances. Doelling et al [16] described in detail the characterization of DCC and showed that unlike stratus and cirrus clouds, the DCC spectra were not affected by water vapor absorption. Compared with desert targets and ice targets, DCC can provide more stable reflectance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Application of Deep Convective Clouds in the Calibration and Response Monitoring of the Reflective Solar Bands of FY-3A/MERSI (Medium Resolution Spectral Imager)

Chen

et al. 2013

Remote Sensing

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Based on simulated reflectance, deep convective clouds (DCC) can be used as an invariant target to monitor the radiometric response degradation of the FY-3A/MERSI (Medium Resolution Spectral Imager) reflective solar bands (RSBs). The long-term response of the MERSI RSBs can easily be predicted using a quadratic fit of the monthly DCC mean reflectance, except for bands 6 and 7, which suffer from instrument anomalies. DCC-based degradations show that the blue bands (λ < 500 nm) and water-vapor bands have degraded significantly, whereas for near-infrared bands, the total degradations in four years are within 3% (excluding bands 3 and 20). For most bands, the degradation rates are greatest during the first year in orbit and decrease over time. The FY-3A/MERSI degradation results derived from DCC are consistent within 2.5%, except for bands, 11, 18 and 19, when compared with Aqua/MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Sepetroradiometer) inter-calibration, multi-site invariant earth target calibration and the CRCS(Chinese Radiometric Calibration Site) Dunhuang desert vicarious calibration methods. Overall, the 2σ/mean degradation uncertainty for most MERSI bands was within 3%, validating the temporal stability of the DCC monthly mean reflectances. The DCC method has reduced the degradation uncertainties for MERSI water vapor bands over other methods. This is a

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Application of Deep Convective Clouds in the Calibration and Response Monitoring of the Reflective Solar Bands of FY-3A/MERSI (Medium Resolution Spectral Imager)

Chen

et al. 2013

Remote Sensing

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Assessment of MODIS RSB detector uniformity using deep convective clouds

et al. 2016

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For satellite sensor, the striping observed in images is typically associated with the relative multiple detector gain difference derived from the calibration. A method using deep convective cloud (DCC) measurements to assess the difference among detectors after calibration is proposed and demonstrated for select reflective solar bands (RSBs) of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Each detector of MODIS RSB is calibrated independently using a solar diffuser (SD). Although the SD is expected to accurately characterize detector response, the uncertainties associated with the SD degradation and characterization result in inadequacies in the estimation of each detector's gain. This work takes advantage of the DCC technique to assess detector uniformity and scan mirror side difference for RSB. The detector differences for Terra MODIS Collection 6 are less than 1% for bands 1, 3–5, and 18 and up to 2% for bands 6, 19, and 26. The largest difference is up to 4% for band 7. Most Aqua bands have detector differences less than 0.5% except bands 19 and 26 with up to 1.5%. Normally, large differences occur for edge detectors. The long‐term trending shows seasonal oscillations in detector differences for some bands, which are correlated with the instrument temperature. The detector uniformities were evaluated for both unaggregated and aggregated detectors for MODIS band 1 and bands 3–7, and their consistencies are verified. The assessment results were validated by applying a direct correction to reflectance images. These assessments can lead to improvements to the calibration algorithm and therefore a reduction in striping observed in the calibrated imagery.

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An investigation of the implications of lunar illumination spectral changes for Day/Night Band‐based cloud property retrieval due to lunar phase transition

et al. 2017

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The Moon reflects sunlight like a huge mirror hanging in the sky at night, which presents the obviously periodical changes in its luminance or irradiance due to Sun‐Earth‐Moon geometry variation. The potential effect of the periodical changes in lunar phase angle on nighttime Day/Night Band (DNB) radiative transfer simulation in the presence of cloud has seldom been reported thus far. In this study, a radiative transfer model is developed by coupling the lunar light source with various Sun‐Earth‐Moon geometries. To elucidate the stability of DNB‐averaged cloud bulk scattering properties, we simulate nighttime reflectance and radiances under four typical lunar phase angles (0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) from 7 April 2016 to 8 May 2016 (e.g., two lunar cycles). Explicit simulation analyses indicated that DNB‐averaged cloud bulk scattering properties exhibit weak sensitivity to lunar phase angles. The maximum DNB reflectance differences between any and 90° lunar phase angles are less than 0.05% (0.01%) in the presence of water (ice) clouds, indicating a negligible effect of periodically changes on lunar spectral irradiances. Our findings suggest that the differences of reflectance at lunar phase angle = 90° are less than approximately 0.05% (water cloud)/0.01% (ice cloud), much smaller than 11% radiometric calibration uncertainties of DNB. This means that these differences could be ignored in both nighttime cloud property retrieval and DNB radiative transfer modeling.

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The Characterization of Deep Convective Clouds as an Invariant Calibration Target and as a Visible Calibration Technique

Cited by 114 publications

References 22 publications

The Application of Deep Convective Clouds in the Calibration and Response Monitoring of the Reflective Solar Bands of FY-3A/MERSI (Medium Resolution Spectral Imager)

The Application of Deep Convective Clouds in the Calibration and Response Monitoring of the Reflective Solar Bands of FY-3A/MERSI (Medium Resolution Spectral Imager)

Assessment of MODIS RSB detector uniformity using deep convective clouds

An investigation of the implications of lunar illumination spectral changes for Day/Night Band‐based cloud property retrieval due to lunar phase transition

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