The characterization of activated carbons with oxygen and nitrogen surface groups

Biniak, S.; Szymański, G.; Siedlewski, Janusz; Świątkowski, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00096-1

Cited by 1,385 publications

(907 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Table 3 contains the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen surface concentrations of the initial and modified HACs together with the distribution of functionalities derived from the C1s spectrum. The C1s signal was deconvoluted into five components that represent carbon atoms in C-C nonfunctional graphitic structures (284.8 ± 0.1 eV); carbon present in phenolic, alcohol and ether groups (286.7 ± 0.3 eV); carbonyl and quinone groups (287.6 ± 0.2 eV); carboxyl and lactone groups (288.9 ± 0.3 eV) and a shakeup satellite peak due to p-p* transitions in aromatic rings (290.4 ± 0.4 eV) (Biniak et al 1997).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Hacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of atrazine on hemp stem-based activated carbons with different surface chemistry

et al. 2015

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Surface-modified hemp stem-based activated carbons (HACs) were prepared and used for the adsorption of atrazine from aqueous solution, and their adsorption performance was examined. A series of HACs were prepared by potassium hydroxide activation of hemp stems, followed by subsequent modification by thermal annealing, oxidation with nitric acid and amination. The resultant HACs differed in surface chemistry, while possessing similar porous structure. The surface group characteristics were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and measurement of the point of zero charge (pH PZC ). The adsorption of atrazine from aqueous solution was performed in static conditions. The Langmuir-Freundlich and Langmuir models gave a better fit for equilibrium isotherms compared with the Freundlich model. The atrazine adsorption process was controlled by an intraparticle diffusion mechanism with a significant contribution from film diffusion. The presence of oxygen and nitrogen functionalities on the carbon surface was found to be undesirable for atrazine adsorption. The superior adsorbent was obtained by heat treatment of HAC in an inert atmosphere at 700°C, resulting in a very high adsorption capacity due to its enhanced hydrophobicity. The adsorption of atrazine on the studied HACs mainly involves p-p dispersive interactions between the atrazine ring and the graphene layers of carbon.

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Section: Characteristics Of Hacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of atrazine on hemp stem-based activated carbons with different surface chemistry

et al. 2015

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“…Overlap between the binding energies relating to carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen binds prevents an unambiguous assignment of the chemical environments, due to the similarities between carbon and oxygen and carbon-nitrogen bonds [43]. The resulting deconvoluted peak assignment for the C 1s (Fig.…”

Section: Surface Composition Of Carbon Fibresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon fibre reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride): Impact of matrix modification on fibre/polymer adhesion

Tran

Kalinka

et al. 2008

Composites Science and Technology

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“…X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the few methods available to get information on the local bonding environment of nitrogen in carbon materials [19] and, consequently, XPS alone [19][20][21] or in combination with other techniques [2,12,[22][23][24] has been extensively used with this purpose.…”

Section: Concentration and Energy State Of Surface Nitrogen Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…as heteroatoms in the carbon matrix, or as surface functional groups, fundamentally influences the performance of AC in sorption-related processes, such as electrochemical and catalyzed reactions [1][2][3] or gas separation [4]. Introduction of nitrogen atoms into АC enhances the activity of the surface in processes accompanied by electron transfer, such as reduction of molecular oxygen or electropositive metal ions, oxidation of hydrides and organic substances, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Introduction of nitrogen atoms into АC enhances the activity of the surface in processes accompanied by electron transfer, such as reduction of molecular oxygen or electropositive metal ions, oxidation of hydrides and organic substances, etc. [1,2,[5][6][7][8]. It is therefore an urgent task to develop technologies to obtain АCs that contain N-atoms with various chemical states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N-containing carbons from styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer by urea treatment

Zhuravsky

Кartel

Tarasenko

et al. 2012

Applied Surface Science

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N-containing synthetic carbons with narrow porosity were prepared from a chlorinated styrene and divinylbenzene copolymer by a multistep method with a yield of 34 wt.%.Surface chemical treatment and thermal carbonization of the starting copolymer was monitored by urea impregnation. Steam activation, oxidation and an additional heat treatment gave the final product. The synthesis route was designed in a cost-effective way. The porosity and the concentration of the introduced nitrogen atoms were determined at each step. The final product has a surface area of 1135 m 2 /g. More than 70 % of the pore volume comes from micropores with an average width of 0.7 nm. The 2.3 atomic % surface nitrogen atoms are distributed among five detectable species, of which about 44 % is quaternary nitrogen.

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The characterization of activated carbons with oxygen and nitrogen surface groups

Cited by 1,385 publications

References 72 publications

Adsorption of atrazine on hemp stem-based activated carbons with different surface chemistry

Adsorption of atrazine on hemp stem-based activated carbons with different surface chemistry

Carbon fibre reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride): Impact of matrix modification on fibre/polymer adhesion

N-containing carbons from styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer by urea treatment

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