The Characteristics of Thoracic Duct Lymph in Man

Bierman, Howard R.; Byron, Ralph L.; Kelly, Keith H.; Gilfillan, Rutherford S.; White, Laurens P.; Freeman, Norman E.; Petrakis, Nicholas L.; Singer, Grace L.; Cordes, Fauno L.

doi:10.1172/jci102776

Cited by 74 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On the other hand, did Montalto et al report a preferential lymphocyte percentage (58-94%) compared to 0.1-44% granulocytes in 11 seroma samples from seven patients, but did not provide the total concentrations [5]. Lymph fluid is characterized by about 95% dominance of lymphocytes as seen in the thoracic duct [11,12]. We did not measure leucocytes in the aspirates, but most were rather clear indicating a low concentration of cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Seroma Production After Breast Cancer Surgery has a Pro-Inflammatory Component

Szecsi¹

2012

TOBCANJ

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Seroma formation is the most prevalent postoperative sequela after breast cancer surgery. A total of 263 aspirations of seroma fluid in 42 patients were performed after mastectomy; cytokines were measured in 148 cases. The concentration of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12p70 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured. The patients underwent 9.0 seroma aspirations on average (range 1-17) during an average of 30.7 days (range 7-72). The average cumulative seroma volume was 2056.1 mL (range 50-5130). In all samples, the maximal average concentrations of IL-6 (mean 10717 pg/mL, range 136-100000) and IL-8 (mean 7221 pg/mL, range 102-79828) were 55-200-fold above the serum/plasma levels of asymptomatic adults. In contrast, we observed levels similar to normal serum/plasma levels for IL-1 (mean 62.8 pg/mL, range 0-1226), IL-10 (mean 29.8 pg/mL, range 3.6-359), and lower-than-normal serum/plasma levels of TNF (mean 3.4 pg/mL, range 0-31.7) and IL-12 (mean 0.5 pg/mL, range 0-11.8). Patients with clinical infection had generally significant higher maximal IL-6 (p = 0.004) and IL-8 (0.019) than patients without clinical infection. However, most patients had no bacterial infection. None of the cytokines were associated with cumulative seroma volume, duration of seroma production or number of seroma aspirations. Seroma formation after mastectomy has a pro-inflammatory component, as indicated by the high levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8. However, these levels do not predict the course of seroma production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Seroma Production After Breast Cancer Surgery has a Pro-Inflammatory Component

Szecsi¹

2012

TOBCANJ

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“…The completeness of the fistula was confirmed by the absence of bile pigments in the feces. The subjects with thoracic duct fistulas were operated upon for the purposes of this study and a polyethylene cannula was inserted through a supraclavicular incision into the left thoracic duct (5). The patients were fed a meal containing fat before the operation in order to distend the thoracic duct to facilitate insertion of the cannula.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer Studies of the Absorption and Fate of Steroid Hormones in Man 1

Hellman¹,

Bradlow²,

Frazell³

et al. 1956

J. Clin. Invest.

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The steroid hormones testosterone, hydrocortisone and corticosterone present certain paradoxical physiological problems in their transport and metabolism in the organism. Thus hydrocortisone is highly effective orally whereas testosterone has little biological activity when fed. Insofar as man and the rodent are concerned, there appears to be no appreciable species difference in the response to these two hormones when given by mouth. On the other hand, there is a striking difference in the manner in which these two species eliminate the end product of hormone metabolism (1-3) and, in addition, dissimilar compounds are formed and excreted by each. A further species difference exists in that hydrocortisone is the principal product of the adrenal secretion in man, whereas in the rat corticosterone appears to be the major component (4).Since an interpretation of these differences might give a deeper insight into the mechanism of hormonal action, an exploration of the problems implicit in these facts was undertaken. First the possibility was entertained that corticosterone might behave like a hormone "foreign" to the human and would, as a consequence, differ from the "normal" secretion, hydrocortisone, in either the rate or route of elimination of its metabolites. Second, cortisone acetate was compared with hydrocortisone and corticosterone to establish, by the same criteria, whether similar processes are operative with the biologically active ester as with the free hormones. Third, testosterone was given by both the oral and intravenous route in order to ' This investigation was carried out under contract AT30-1 910 with the United States Atomic Energy Commission and supported in part by a research grant (C-440) from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health of the United States Public Health Service, and a research grant from the American Cancer Society.have a comparison of a chemically similar steroid hormone, differing in biological activity, with the two adrenal hormones. Fourth, the absorption of hydrocortisone and testosterone from the intestinal tract was studied in human subjects with the thoracic duct cannulated. Fifth, the importance of biliary excretion in the human was evaluated in patients with complete biliary fistulas. The results reported are of interest for the comparative physiology of the hormones since the findings obtained in other species can now be related to the sequence of events observed with the human. EXPERIMENTALThe subjects studied were patients in a metabolic ward. The pertinent clinical data concerning these patients are summarized in Table I. The three subjects with bile fistula, FBT-1, T-3, B-1, were studied in the interval between the two stages of an operative attempt to correct bile duct obstruction as the result of a tumor. In each case the fistula was deliberately established during the first operative procedure by complete diversion of bile flow to the exterior through an indwelling cannula. The completeness of the fistula was confirmed by the absence ...

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“…Cannulation studies have revealed that thoracic duct lymph (46–48) as well as efferent lymph collected after passage through one or more LNs is mainly constituted by T lymphocytes (6, 43, 44). More than 90% of lymphocytes in efferent lymph were shown to have initially entered the LN through high endothelial venules (HEVs) (39, 43).…”

Section: Cellular Composition Of Lymphmentioning

confidence: 99%

T Cell Trafficking through Lymphatic Vessels

2016

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T cell migration within and between peripheral tissues and secondary lymphoid organs is essential for proper functioning of adaptive immunity. While active T cell migration within a tissue is fairly slow, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels (LVs) serve as speedy highways that enable T cells to travel rapidly over long distances. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of T cell migration out of blood vessels have been intensively studied over the past 30 years. By contrast, less is known about T cell trafficking through the lymphatic vasculature. This migratory process occurs in one manner within lymph nodes (LNs), where recirculating T cells continuously exit into efferent lymphatics to return to the blood circulation. In another manner, T cell trafficking through lymphatics also occurs in peripheral tissues, where T cells exit the tissue by means of afferent lymphatics, to migrate to draining LNs and back into blood. In this review, we highlight how the anatomy of the lymphatic vasculature supports T cell trafficking and review current knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular requirements of T cell migration through LVs. Finally, we summarize and discuss recent insights regarding the presumed relevance of T cell trafficking through afferent lymphatics.

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The Characteristics of Thoracic Duct Lymph in Man

Cited by 74 publications

References 13 publications

Seroma Production After Breast Cancer Surgery has a Pro-Inflammatory Component

Seroma Production After Breast Cancer Surgery has a Pro-Inflammatory Component

Tracer Studies of the Absorption and Fate of Steroid Hormones in Man 1

T Cell Trafficking through Lymphatic Vessels

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