The Characteristics of Shredded Straw and Hay Biomass—Part 1—Whole Mixture

Lisowski, A.; Kostrubiec, Monika; Dąbrowska, Magdalena; Świętochowski, Adam

doi:10.1007/s12649-017-9835-y

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition to moisture content and calorific value, other considerations include wood chip grade pursuant to the standard ISO 17225-4 (2014). In the literature, there is a substantial body of studies concerning particle size distribution for comminuted plant material (Lisowski et al 2014(Lisowski et al , 2016(Lisowski et al , 2017Hickman et al 2016), including forest wood chips (Birta et al 2008;Spinelli et al 2011;Gendek and Nawrocka 2014). The size of wood chips may affect their arrangement and the filling of voids, and together with moisture content, it influences truckload weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intentional Reduction in Moisture Content of Forest Wood Chips during Transport on Truckload Price

2018

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Wood chip transportation is a widespread practice in Poland, with distances between forest sites and power or heating plants reaching 300 km and truck transport times of up to 6 h. Because the basic parameter affecting biomass quality for energy production is moisture content, the objective of the presented economic analysis was to determine its effect on the price of wood chips transported by semi-trailer trucks. This paper considered the possibility of drying biomass in the semi-trailer. No external energy consumption was envisioned; the heat needed for drying was obtained from the truck cooling or exhaust systems via heat exchangers. The moisture content of transported biomass had a dual effect on the final truckload price. While it increased biomass amount by adding to its weight, it decreased its price by lowering its calorific value. Mathematical analysis showed that a decrease in wood chip moisture content increased truckload price, justifying research on technological improvements of this process. Simulations indicated that by reducing moisture content during transportation, biomass suppliers increased their revenues approximately € 3.6 to € 30.0 per truckload, which translates into annual financial profit ranging from tens of thousands of euros (EUR) to more than € 23,810.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intentional Reduction in Moisture Content of Forest Wood Chips during Transport on Truckload Price

2018

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“…Many researchers indicate that the durability and strength of pellets or briquettes initially increase with moisture and then decreases with further increases in moisture [ 19 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. This indicates the existence of an optimum moisture value for effective durability and pellet strength during the material compaction process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparative studies did not show any relationship between the density and durability of pellets and biomass briquettes [ 35 ]. High ρ p may be caused by the high specific density of the material, which was noted in our research with walnut shells whose particles were characterised by high sphericity and the bonds between them were much weaker [ 19 ] than between the fibrous particles that enhanced their strength [ 32 ]. Each material requires specific optimal densification conditions [ 36 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Wheat Straw Pellets Individually and in Combination with Cassava Starch or Calcium Carbonate under Various Compaction Conditions: Determination of Pellet Strength and Water Absorption Capacity

2020

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This study aimed to optimise the production conditions of wheat straw (WS) pellets and pellets with the additives of cassava starch (CS) or calcium carbonate (CC) based on the criteria of pellet strength and water absorption by crushed pellets. The pellets produced using a 2–10%-wt/wt additive ratio, material moisture of 10–30% w.b., die height of 66–86 mm, and material temperature of 78–108 °C were tested. The influence these factors on the strength parameters of pellets was different than on the water absorption by the crushed pellets. The pellets made of WS blended with CC additive were characterised by better strength parameters and the compressed pellets were characterised by better water absorption than those with CS. High and positive correlation among specific pellet compression work, elasticity modulus for pellet compression, and tensile strength values were observed. As the strength parameters of pellets showed high correlation with single pellet density, for the consistency of conclusions, the optimal conditions for pellet production were assumed based on the density. For optimal conditions at 4% wt/wt additive ratio, 23% w.b. material moisture, 78 mm die height, and 80 °C material temperature, the specific pellet compression work was 3.22 mJ·mm−2, elasticity modulus was 5.78 MPa, and maximum tensile strength of the pellets was 2.68 MPa; moreover, the water absorption by crushed pellets amounted to 2.60 g H2O·g−1 of dry matter.

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“…Silica glass beads, similar to the main components of natural sediment, are selected as experimental material for the measurement of particle size distribution. The reference values of particle size and size distribution are obtained by sieving method, which is an essential method for calibrating particle size and size distribution measurement in the fields of water conservancy and biology, and so forth, and has the advantages of simple operation, convenient easy implementation, and low cost (El-Sayed and Mostafa, 2014; Lisowski et al, 2017). Particles with different size distribution range can be obtained by using a multilayer sieve with different pore sizes after the mechanical vibration under a fixed frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of artificial bee colony algorithm for particle size distribution measurement of suspended sediment based on focused ultrasonic sensor

Yeming

Yidan

Xie

et al. 2021

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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A new focused ultrasonic sensor is proposed, based on which the measurement system for particle size distribution measurement of suspended sediment is established. Compared with the traditional ultrasonic sensors, the one used in this paper is equipped with piezoelectric transducer (PZT) on an arc-shaped shell, to concentrate ultrasonic beams on one measurement point. The sensor is used to measure the particle size distribution of suspended sediment. The experiments were carried out on water-sediment mixtures with different particle size distribution. Due to multiple parameters and non-linearity of the ultrasonic attenuation model, the artificial bee colony (ABC) inversion algorithm is used to estimate particle size distribution, thus improving measurement accuracy. The particle sizes obtained by sieving method are seen as reference values. The results indicate that whether the suspended particles are subject to a unimodal distribution, uniform distribution or random distribution, the particle size distribution obtained by ABC inversion algorithm is consistent with the result obtained by the sieve method. The results demonstrate that the method has good utility and accuracy within the low concentration range.

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The Characteristics of Shredded Straw and Hay Biomass—Part 1—Whole Mixture

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of Intentional Reduction in Moisture Content of Forest Wood Chips during Transport on Truckload Price

Effects of Intentional Reduction in Moisture Content of Forest Wood Chips during Transport on Truckload Price

Characterisation of Wheat Straw Pellets Individually and in Combination with Cassava Starch or Calcium Carbonate under Various Compaction Conditions: Determination of Pellet Strength and Water Absorption Capacity

Application of artificial bee colony algorithm for particle size distribution measurement of suspended sediment based on focused ultrasonic sensor

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