The Characteristics of Liquid Soap with Additional Variations of Moringa Seed Extract (Moringa oleifera L.)

Abstract

Soap is a cleaning compound formed from the reaction between fatty acid compounds and alkaline bases. Various types of soap have been circulating in the market, one of which is liquid soap. Liquid soap that has antibacterial abilities is needed by many people. Moringa seed extract is one of the natural ingredients that can be used as an active ingredient in making liquid soap because it can inhibit bacterial growth. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the addition of extracts and to obtain the best extract concentration treatment on physical, chemical, and organoleptic. The addition of moringa seed extract used was administered at 3%, 5%, and 7%. Data analysis was carried out by applying the ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) with a significant level of 5%. The De Garmo method was used to formulate the best liquid soap recommendation among various treatments. The results showed that the addition of moringa seed extract had a significant effect on the parameters of free alkali content, viscosity, specific gravity, antibacterial activity, and organoleptic. The best recommendation for liquid soap is a soap with a concentration of 7% with specific gravity characteristics of 1.066 g/ml, the viscosity of 1.983 cP, pH value of 10.53, foaming power of 5.63 cm, foam stability of 94.64%, and free alkali content of 0.023%, and the antibacterial ability against S. aureus bacteria (clear zone) was 19.17 mm.

Development and stability of intimate soap formulations using Sapindus saponaria L. extract as a natural surfactant

“…The foam potential of the extract in a solution at the same concentrations of the formulations demonstrated that the foam increase percentage of the formulations is equivalent to the foam percentage of the extract solution at the same concentration of the formulation solution. The legislation does not present pre-established values for this parameter, but the findings are in agreement with authors such as Rusdianto et al (2021) and Meshram et al (2021), who worked with plant extracts. The stability of the foam over time is an important aspect for the consumer because it means that the foam does not evaporate immediately when it comes into contact with the environment.…”

“…Although there are no established values for density, authors such as Hawa et al (2022) and Pires et al (2021) found values between 1.0077 and 1.066 g/mL with plant extracts. According to Rusdianto et al (2021), values between 1.01 and 1.10 g/mL are acceptable for liquid soaps. This is an important parameter since it interferes with consumer experience with the product and the weight and volume of the final packaging (Brasil, 2004).…”

Physicochemical Characteristics and Anti-Bacterial Ability of Liquid Soap with the Addition of Pandan Wangi Extract

“…Liquid soap is made by oil and fat saponification reaction with KOH (Predianto et al, 2017). Liquid soap is preferred over solid soap because it is more practice to be used, dissolves easily in water because it contains KOH, foams easily, sterilization maintained, and is easy to carry (Rusdianto et al, 2021). Liquid bath soap is a liquid substance used to clean the skin and does not cause skin irritation, made from soap-based ingredients with or without thickeners, foam stabilizers, and fragrances.…”