The characteristics and performance of AISI 1045 steel bipolar plates with chromized coatings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Bai, Ching-Yuan; Wen, Tse-Min; Hou, Kung-Hsu; Pu, Nen-Wen; Ger, Ming-Der

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.12.110

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Further analysis is required to ascertain the effect of Mn and N addition on the composition of the passive layer, which would be scope of future work. The peak power density of the stainless steels studied is on par with the values reported by various other authors [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] as given in Figure 6. Optimization of metallic bipolar plate thickness and selection of a proper surface coating or modification of oxide conductivity could be a direction for future research.…”

Section: Single Cell I-v Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Corrosion characteristics and fuel cell performance of a cost‐effective high Mn–Low Ni austenitic stainless steel as an alternative to SS 316L bipolar plate

Kumar

Shaik

Saravanan³

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary In this study, newly developed high manganese (Mn) and low nickel (Ni) austenitic stainless steels were investigated as an alternative to conventionally used SS 316L for bipolar plate applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Systematic studies on the corrosion behavior were carried out in simulated hydrogen and oxygen environments, for both half‐ and fuel‐cell conditions. The Mn‐based SS revealed nobler corrosion potential and comparable passive current densities to that of SS 316L. The passive current density of Mn‐based SS is well within the DoE 2020 target of <1 μA cm−2. Though MnSS1 steel has lean Ni content, the addition of Mn and N is beneficial for improving the corrosion performance, which is comparable to SS 316L. The recorded ICR values for Mn SS1 and SS 316L are 234.6 ± 20 and 155 ± 20 mΩ cm2 at a compaction force of 140 N cm−2, respectively. Both the steels do not to meet the DoE ICR target of 10 mΩ cm2, which requires conductive coating or improvement in oxide conductivity. The performances of the steels (both Mn‐SS and 316L SS) with varying thickness were also investigated in a single fuel cell condition with serpentine flow field design as bipolar plates with varying thickness (10, 5 and 2 mm). A maximum power density of 370 mW cm−2 was achieved with the Mn‐based metallic bipolar plates, whereas SS 316L showed 354 mW cm−2. By changing the composition of austenitic stainless steel, that is, using Mn SS1 instead of SS 316L the overall fuel cell cost decreases by three times.

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Section: Single Cell I-v Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Corrosion characteristics and fuel cell performance of a cost‐effective high Mn–Low Ni austenitic stainless steel as an alternative to SS 316L bipolar plate

Kumar

Shaik

Saravanan³

et al. 2020

Int J Energy Res

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“…d). Since Cr has strong interaction with nitrogen and carbon, besides Cr 2 N and Cr 23 C 6 , Cr 7 C 3 was also reported to form in the chromized coating . Chromium nitrides and carbides hinder the inward diffusion of Cr to harmfully make the chromized layer thin .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, in order to protect metals in oxidizing and sulfidizing environments at high temperatures, pack‐cementation, which is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and reliable coating method, has been employed in industries. Carbon steel or chromium steel was chromized or aluminized via pack cementation, and its high‐temperature corrosion behavior was investigated in air , oxygen , humid air , Ar/10%SO 2 gas , or (oxygen, sulfur)‐containing gases . Aluminizing enhanced the oxidation resistance of steel substrates in oxidizing atmospheres by forming the α‐Al 2 O 3 layer with and without some Fe 2 O 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐temperature corrosion of aluminized and chromized Fe‐10.4%Cr steels in N₂/H₂S/H₂O‐mixed gas

Kim

Lee

2016

Materials & Corrosion

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Fe‐10.4Cr‐0.8Mn‐0.2Si‐0.1C (at%) steel was either chromized or aluminized via pack cementation, and corroded at 800 °C for up to 100 h in 1 atm of (N2/3.1%H2O/2.42%H2S)‐mixed gas. The corrosion of the chromized coating resulted in the formation of an outer Cr2S3 and an inner Cr2O3 scale. Later, an FeS scale formed over the preformed Cr2S3/Cr2O3 scale. The corrosion of the aluminized coating led to the formation of the thin α‐Al2O3 scale. At the later stage of corrosion, discrete nodules that consisted mostly of Al2O3 and Al2S3 formed locally. Aluminizing was more effective than chromizing in increasing the corrosion resistance of the steel, due mainly to the formation of α‐Al2O3.

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“…Results showed that chromized SS316L exhibits ICorr 3 _ 10_7 Acm_2 and ICR value 23 mUcm2 that are respectively, about four orders and three times lower than those of bare SS316L. Bai et al [160,161] used lowtemperature pack chromization to form a uniform and dense chromized coating on 1045 steel using a rolling pre treatment. The results showed that the main constituent phases of the coating were carbides and the minor phases were chromium-ferric nitrides and oxides.…”

Section: Un-plated Stainless Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite and Different Metallic Bi-Polar Platesin Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells: Materials, Fabrication, Platings and Material Selection for Fuel Cells – A Review

Vadivelan.M¹,

S²,

Kumar³

et al. 2016

IOSR

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells offer exceptional potential for a clean, efficient, and reliable power source. The bipolar plate (BP) is a key component in this device, as it connects each cell electrically, supplies reactant gases to both anode and cathode, and removes reaction products from the cell. BPs has primarily been fabricated from high-density graphite, but in recent years, much attention has been paid to develop the cost-effective and feasible alternative materials. Recently, two different classes of materials have been attracted attention: metals and composite materials. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the current researches being carried out on the metallic and composite BPs, covering materials and fabrication methods. In this research, the phenomenon of ionic contamination due to the release of the corrosion products of metallic BP and relative impact on the durability as well as performance of PEM fuel cells is extensively investigated. Furthermore, in this paper, upon several effective parameters on commercialization of PEM fuel cells, such as stack cost, weight, volume, durability, strength, ohmic resistance, and ionic contamination, a material selection is performed among the most common BPs currently being used. This material selection is conducted by using Simple Additive Weighting Method (SAWM). Highlights: Materials, properties, Platings, Plating methods, stamping process and ionic contaminations of metallic bipolar plates. Material selection upon eleven bipolar plate materials using the Simple Additive Weighing Method (SAWM) approach.

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The characteristics and performance of AISI 1045 steel bipolar plates with chromized coatings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Corrosion characteristics and fuel cell performance of a cost‐effective high Mn–Low Ni austenitic stainless steel as an alternative to SS 316L bipolar plate

Corrosion characteristics and fuel cell performance of a cost‐effective high Mn–Low Ni austenitic stainless steel as an alternative to SS 316L bipolar plate

High‐temperature corrosion of aluminized and chromized Fe‐10.4%Cr steels in N₂/H₂S/H₂O‐mixed gas

Composite and Different Metallic Bi-Polar Platesin Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells: Materials, Fabrication, Platings and Material Selection for Fuel Cells – A Review

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The characteristics and performance of AISI 1045 steel bipolar plates with chromized coatings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Corrosion characteristics and fuel cell performance of a cost‐effective high Mn–Low Ni austenitic stainless steel as an alternative to SS 316L bipolar plate

Corrosion characteristics and fuel cell performance of a cost‐effective high Mn–Low Ni austenitic stainless steel as an alternative to SS 316L bipolar plate

High‐temperature corrosion of aluminized and chromized Fe‐10.4%Cr steels in N2/H2S/H2O‐mixed gas

Composite and Different Metallic Bi-Polar Platesin Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells: Materials, Fabrication, Platings and Material Selection for Fuel Cells – A Review

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High‐temperature corrosion of aluminized and chromized Fe‐10.4%Cr steels in N₂/H₂S/H₂O‐mixed gas