The Characteristics and Evolution of Orographic Snow Clouds under Weak Cold Advection

Kusunoki, Kenichi; Murakami, Masataka; Hoshimoto, Mizuho; Orikasa, Narihiro; Yamada, Yoshiyuki; Mizuno, Hakaru; Hamazu, Kyosuke; Watanabe, Hideyuki

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0174:tcaeoo>2.0.co;2

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These events impact regions where high terrain lies close to the shoreline and contribute to a snowpack that contains up to 1620 mm of SWE in the mountains of the Hokuriku district (Matsuura et al 2005). Sea of Japan snowstorms have been investigated through a variety of observational and numerical modeling approaches (e.g., Magono et al 1966;Hozumi and Magono 1984;Saito et al 1996;Kusunoki et al 2004), with studies of orographic effects focused primarily on microphysical processes. Lake effect also occurs east and south of the Black Sea, where significant orographic barriers lie downstream in Georgia and Turkey (Kindap 2010;Markowski and Richardson 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orographic Influences on a Great Salt Lake–Effect Snowstorm

Alcott

Steenburgh

2013

Monthly Weather Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although several mountain ranges surround the Great Salt Lake (GSL) of northern Utah, the extent to which orography modifies GSL-effect precipitation remains largely unknown. Here the authors use observational and numerical modeling approaches to examine the influence of orography on the GSL-effect snowstorm of 27 October 2010, which generated 6-10 mm of precipitation (snow-water equivalent) in the Salt Lake Valley and up to 30 cm of snow in the Wasatch Mountains. The authors find that the primary orographic influences on the event are 1) foehnlike flow over the upstream orography that warms and dries the incipient low-level air mass and reduces precipitation coverage and intensity; 2) orographically forced convergence that extends downstream from the upstream orography, is enhanced by blocking windward of the Promontory Mountains, and affects the structure and evolution of the lake-effect precipitation band; and 3) blocking by the Wasatch and Oquirrh Mountains, which funnels the flow into the Salt Lake Valley, reinforces the thermally driven convergence generated by the GSL, and strongly enhances precipitation. The latter represents a synergistic interaction between lake and downstream orographic processes that is crucial for precipitation development, with a dramatic decrease in precipitation intensity and coverage evident in simulations in which either the lake or the orography are removed. These results help elucidate the spectrum of lake-orographic processes that contribute to lake-effect events and may be broadly applicable to other regions where lake effect precipitation occurs in proximity to complex terrain.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orographic Influences on a Great Salt Lake–Effect Snowstorm

Alcott

Steenburgh

2013

Monthly Weather Review

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to derive liquid water content (LWC), mass of a SLD was calculated as a sphere with a defined diameter. HYVISs were used to observe a variety of clouds (e.g., Murakami et al 1992Murakami et al , 1994Kusunoki et al 2004;Orikasa et al 2013;Orikasa and Murakami 2015;Oue et al 2015). The specifications of the X-band radar were given in Morotomi et al (2012) and Ohigashi et al (2014).…”

Section: Cloud-top Supercooled Liquid Droplets In Stratiform Clouds Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The generation of SLDs is related to the cooling of air through processes such as ascent and radiation. In cloud systems such as extratropical cyclones (e.g., Murakami et al 1992;Ikeda et al 2007) and mesoscale convective clouds (e.g., Murakami et al 1994;Rosenfeld and Woodley 2000;Takahashi 2010) and orographic clouds (e.g., Kusunoki et al 2004), SLDs are formed because of ascent owing to synoptic-scale or mesoscale atmospheric instability and external dynamical forcing. Around the Japanese Islands, there were only a few reports for stratiform mixed-phase clouds without synoptic-scale disturbance, convection, and orographic lifting (Meteorological Research Institute 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloud-Top Supercooled Liquid Droplets in Stratiform Clouds Observed during Winter in Inland Hokkaido, Japan

Ohigashi

Tsuboki

Oue

2016

SOLA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Supercooled liquid droplets (SLDs) not only play important roles in precipitation formation processes but they also affect the radiation budget. Therefore, it is important to clarify the distribution and quantity of SLDs. Hydrometeor videosonde observations were performed in February 2011 at Rikubetsu in inland Hokkaido, Japan. Five hydrometeor videosondes were released in ice precipitations in stratiform clouds and SLDs were detected in three cases. The clouds in these three cases had SLDs at the cloud tops. The microphysical quantities of the SLD layers were within the ranges of those observed in Arctic mixed-phase clouds. The cloud-top SLDs had potential to cause radiative cooling, which contributed to the formation of upward motion generating ice precipitation. Small water vapor amounts above the cloud tops cannot contribute to moisture supply. Vertical profiles of temperature and moisture showed that the SLD layers were decoupled from surface moisture sources. The absence of additional moisture supply was consistent with short lifetimes, compared with persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds.(Citation: Ohigashi, T., K. Tsuboki, and M. Oue, 2016: Cloudtop supercooled liquid droplets in stratiform clouds observed during winter in inland Hokkaido, Japan. SOLA, 12, 140−145,

show abstract

“…Murakami and Matsuo (1990) also developed the hydrometeor videosonde (HYVIS) in order to clarify microphysical structures in clouds, and the HYVIS has been improved by Orikasa and Murakami (1997) and Orikasa et al (2005). HYVIS was used in the many previous observational studies Mizuno et al 1994;Murakami et al 2003;Kusunoki et al 2004Kusunoki et al , 2005etc.). The same receiving system can be used for videosondes and HYVIS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Videosonde Observation System for In-situ Precipitation Particle Measurements

Suzuki

Shimizu

Ohigashi

et al. 2012

SOLA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new videosonde receiving system consisting of two receiving antennas for a set of videosonde and GPS radiosonde has been developed. The antenna for the videosondes is controlled by a GPS slave method, in which the antenna elevation and azimuth are processed every second using GPS location data obtained from a GPS radiosonde attached to the videosonde. The results of the first experimental flight conducted in Okinawa as part of a synchronized observation campaign of a C-band polarimetric radar and videosondes reveal successful reception of clear images of precipitation particles in clouds.

show abstract

The Characteristics and Evolution of Orographic Snow Clouds under Weak Cold Advection

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Orographic Influences on a Great Salt Lake–Effect Snowstorm

Orographic Influences on a Great Salt Lake–Effect Snowstorm

Cloud-Top Supercooled Liquid Droplets in Stratiform Clouds Observed during Winter in Inland Hokkaido, Japan

Development of a New Videosonde Observation System for In-situ Precipitation Particle Measurements

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About