The characteristic of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film solar cells prepared by sputtering CuSn and CuZn alloy targets

Study on the Optimization of Cu-Zn-Sn-O to Prepare Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Film via a Nano Ink Coating Method

“…The preparation of this thin film material using non-toxic and abundant elements makes it a suitable candidate to replace CIGS as a thin film solar cell (Washio et al, 2012;Azmi et al, 2021;Kaur et al, 2021;Li X. M. et al, 2021;Ramirez-Ceja et al, 2021). A variety of experimental methods to prepare CZTS thin film materials have been developed, such as electrospinning (Bi et al, 2015;Mu et al, 2015), nano ink method (Altowairqi et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2020), sol-gel (Dong et al, 2017;Jacob et al, 2021), sputtering (Lu et al, 2018;Pandharkar et al, 2021) and electrodeposition (Khattak et al, 2019;Demir, 2021), and so forth. Kim et al mixed CZTS ink with 2-methoxyethanol, with the highest efficiency of 8.17% (Kim et al, 2014).…”

Investigation on the properties of Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 and Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 absorber films prepared by magnetron sputtering technique using Zn and ZnS targets in precursor stacks

“…This process includes a deposition step of the precursor films as a first step (either metallic films without sulfur [S] or S containing films) at relatively low temperature and a thermal sulfurization or selenization step as a second step, which is carried out under sulfur or selenium (Se) vapor at high temperatures (generally above 450°C) 16‐18 . The precursor films can be prepared by using different kinds of targets such as metallic Cu, Zn, and Sn targets, alloy Cu‐Sn targets, or binary sulfide ZnS, SnS, and Cu 2 S targets 19‐21 . It is a fact that the characteristics of kesterite absorbers produced by using the sputtering method are strongly affected by the type of target materials used in the deposition of precursor films.…”

“…[16][17][18] The precursor films can be prepared by using different kinds of targets such as metallic Cu, Zn, and Sn targets, alloy Cu-Sn targets, or binary sulfide ZnS, SnS, and Cu 2 S targets. [19][20][21] It is a fact that the characteristics of kesterite absorbers produced by using the sputtering method are strongly affected by the type of target materials used in the deposition of precursor films. In this context, it has been observed that the researchers particularly focused on the comparison of the use of Zn or ZnS target materials in the deposition of precursor films of kesterite absorbers.…”

Elaboration and characterization by electrochemical technique CZTS thin layers for photovoltaic application

“…is a material with high absorption coefficient of visible light about − and an optimum band gap of 1.5 [114,115]. Numerous techniques have been used to synthesize thin films like spin coating [116], sol-gel [73], spray pyrolysis [71], chemical bath deposition [117], SILAR [118], co-sputtering [119,120], doctor-blade coating [121], photochemical deposition [122], among all these techniques, we find electrodeposition which increased the attention of researcher community. The electrodeposition is an extremely versatile and flexible technology.…”

“…The optimum direct band gaps, outstanding features and efficient performance of these kesterite materials made them very fascinating in the thin film's community. Several techniques have been used to synthesize the kesterite thin films like spin coating [116], sol-gel [73], electrochemical deposition [199], spray pyrolysis [71], doctor-blade coating [121], cosputtering [119,120], chemical bath deposition [117], SILAR [118], photochemical deposition [122]. The highest power conversion efficiency ( ) achieved for rich based solar cell was 12.6% prepared by hydrazine-based solution deposition process [3].…”