The Characteristic Microstructures and Properties of Steel-Based Alloy via Additive Manufacturing

Shang, Chunlei; Wu, Hong‐Hui; Pan, Guangfei; Zhu, Jiaqi; Wang, Shuize; Wu, Guilin; Gao, Junheng; Liu, Zhiyuan; Li, Ruidi; Mao, Xinping

doi:10.3390/ma16072696

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 119 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…This segregation phenomenon can be attributed to the complex flow dynamics within the melt pool, driven by forces such as Marangoni, buoyancy, gravity, and recoil pressure [58]. Elemental segregation in additively manufactured samples can significantly influence corrosion resistance [59]. Sub-micro-grain zones near the melt pool and laser melt track boundaries were observed due to constitutional supercooling coupled with rapid solidification [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Investigation of Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Processed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Gargalis,

Karavias,

Graff

et al. 2023

Metals

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The aim of this paper was to compare duplex (DSS) and super duplex stainless steel processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) based on the process parameters and microstructure–nanomechanical property relationships. Each alloy was investigated with respect to its feedstock powder characteristics. Optimum process parameters including scanning speed, laser power, beam diameter, laser energy density, and layer thickness were defined for each alloy, and near-fully dense parts (>99.9%) were produced. Microstructural analysis was performed via optical (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The samples were subjected to stress relief and high-temperature annealing. EBSD revealed the crystallographic orientation and quantified the phases in the as-built and annealed sample conditions. The as-built samples revealed a fully ferritic microstructure with a small amount of grain boundary austenite in the SDSS microstructure. High-temperature solution annealing resulted in the desired duplex microstructure for both alloys. There were no secondary phases present in the microstructure after both heat treatments. Nanoindentation generated nanomechanical (modulus) mapping grids and quantified the nanomechanical (both hardness and modulus) response; plasticity and stress relief were also assessed in all three conditions (as-built, stress-relieved, and annealed) in both DSS and SDSS. Austenite formation in the annealed condition contributed to lower hardness levels (~4.3–4.8 Gpa) and higher plastic deformation compared to the as-built (~5.7–6.3 Gpa) and stress-relieved conditions (~4.8–5.8 Gpa) for both alloys. SDSS featured a ~60% austenite volume fraction in its annealed and quenched microstructure, attributed to its higher nickel and nitrogen contents compared to DSS, which exhibited a ~30% austenite volume fraction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Investigation of Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Processed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Gargalis,

Karavias,

Graff

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…The use of AM to repair a tool can lead to an anisotropy of the resultative microstructure and cause different properties of the deposited structure in relation to the substrate [7]. Another issue in developing AM technology is the accumulation of expansion and contraction stresses caused by the deposition of successive layers of additional material [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processability of High-Speed Steel by Coaxial Laser Wire Deposition Technology for Additive Remanufacturing of Cutting Tool

Koruba,

Kędzia,

Dziedzic

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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The recently introduced Coaxial Laser Wire Deposition technology can become a new promising method for remanufacturing high-complexity and expensive cutting tools (e.g., flat broach), which will have a significant impact on their service life. In addition, it is an innovative approach to tool management. An analysis of the feasibility of processing cobalt-added HSS powder steels was carried out for single clads and multilayer structures. The effect of process parameters (laser, beam power, travel speed, wire feed rate) on geometric properties, hardness and microstructure was discussed. In order to avoid cracking during multilayer deposition, an additional preheating to 320 °C was applied. Two sets of process parameters with high and low heat input were obtained. Both sets lead to crack-free structures that fulfill geometric (≥2.5 mm in height) and hardness (≥700 HV) requirements.

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Laser powder bed fusion of NiTiFe shape memory alloy via pre-mixed powder: microstructural evolution, mechanical and functional properties

Yuan,

Ge,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Rare Met.

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The Characteristic Microstructures and Properties of Steel-Based Alloy via Additive Manufacturing

Cited by 6 publications

References 119 publications

A Comparative Investigation of Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Processed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

A Comparative Investigation of Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Processed through Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Processability of High-Speed Steel by Coaxial Laser Wire Deposition Technology for Additive Remanufacturing of Cutting Tool

Laser powder bed fusion of NiTiFe shape memory alloy via pre-mixed powder: microstructural evolution, mechanical and functional properties

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