The characterisation of Vitis vinifera ’Refošk’ with AFLP and SSR molecular markers and ampelographic traits

Abstract

The genetic diversity and ampelographic variability of autochthonous red wine cultivar 'Refošk' (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Slovenia were evaluated with AFLP molecular markers and OIV descriptors, respectively. SSR molecular markers were employed to confirm cultivar identity of analysed samples. Eight AFLP primer combinations, one was monomorphic, produced 16 polymorphic markers in 41 out of 113 samples, what classified samples into monomorphic and polymorphic group. Dendrogram constructed with simple matching coefficient and unweighted pair-group method analysis presented genetic diversity within polymorphic group. Refošk biotypes from monomorphic and polymorphic groups were evaluated with 22 OIV descriptors related to bunch, berry and must, but on the basis of ampelographic characterization samples were not differentiated among two major groups obtained with AFLP analysis. Results of genetic analysis indicated that 'Refošk' originated from closely related plants that are phenotypically very similar. With regard to low observed genetic diversity more attention should be dedicated to the selection in order to conserve remaining genetic diversity.Key words: AFLP, genetic diversity, SSR, cultivar identity, morphological traits, germplasm, grapevine, Refošk, Refosco IZVLEČEK KARAKTERIZACIJA ŽLAHTNE VINSKE TRTE (Vitis vinifera L.) SORTE 'REFOŠK' Z AFLP IN SSR MOLEKULSKIMI MARKERJI IN AMPELOGRAFSKIMI LASTNOSTMIZ AFLP molekulskimi markerji in z OIV deskriptorji je bila ovrednotena genetska variabilnost in ampelografska raznolikost avtohtone sorte 'Refošk' (Vitis vinifera L.) v Sloveniji. Sortna pristnost analiziranih vzorcev je bila potrjena z mikrosatelitskimi markerji. Pri 41 vzorcih od skupno 113 smo z uporabo osmih parov začetnih selektivnih oligonukleotidov, od katerih je bila ena kombinacija monomorfna, odkrili 16 polimorfnih markerjev. Na podlagi rezultatov AFLP analize smo vzorce razvrstili v dve skupini in sicer v monomorfno in polimorfno skupino. Dendrogram, narejen na podlagi koeficientov enostavnega ujemanja in z metodo netehtanih parnih skupin z aritmetično sredino prikazuje genetsko variabilnost znotraj polimorfne skupine. Trse iz različnih genetskih skupin smo ovrednotili z 22 OIV deskriptorji, ki se nanašajo na grozd, jagode in mošt, vendar se na podlagi ampelografske karakterizacije niso razvrstili v skladu z razvrstitvijo pri AFLP analizi. Rezultati nakazujejo na izvor sorte 'Refošk' iz sorodnih, fenotipsko zelo podobnih starševskih rastlin. Glede na nizko število dobljenih polimorfnih AFLP markerjev bi morali intenzivneje delati na selekciji sorte 'Refošk' z namenom ohranitve obstoječe genetske variabilnosti.

Ampelographic and Ampelometric Characterization of Berries and Seeds from Traditional Vineyards in Morocco

“…In fact, the comparison of the ampelographic and ampelometric characteristics of traditional Moroccan grape varieties with other Mediterranean grape varieties has confirmed the existence of a significant diversity but also a resemblance of some ampelographic characteristics, in particular the shape of the berry and the color of the epidermis. For the character of the shape of the berry, we note a dominance of the spherical and short elliptical shape among Moroccan grape varieties; the same results were obtained in varieties from Montenegro [14], Palestine [15], Slovenia [16] and in Spain [17]. With regard to the color of the epidermis, it has been observed that almost all Moroccan grape varieties are yellow-green and blue-black in color, a finding which is in line with the results of the work carried out on grape varieties from Spain [18].…”