The Changing Type of Minor Party Elected to Parliament: The Case of the Australian Senate from 1949 to 2010

The executive lawmaking agenda: Political parties, prime ministers, and policy change in Australia

“…Between 2000 and 2017, only the Howard government enjoyed a Senate majority briefly between 2005 and 2007. Without control of both chambers, governments bills must garner support from the Opposition and/or some combination of independent and minor party senators that increasingly reflect more diverse ideological views (Ghazarian, 2015).…”

The origins of the Anglosphere idea and the contestation of Australian nationhood, 1991–2007

“…The referendum on the republic also coincided with the rise of a new political force in Australia from the right wing. Pauline Hanson, who had been disendorsed by the Liberal Party before the 1996 election because of comments made about First Nations Australians, created the One Nation party which was deeply sceptical of immigration, multiculturalism and globalisation (see Ghazarian, 2015). As Kathy Smits has pointed out, the presence of dispossessed Indigenous peoples in four of the five 'core' Anglosphere states has a disconcerting effect on claims about progress, freedom and liberty (Smits, 2019: 156).…”

Watershed: The 2022 Australian Federal Election

“…First, the method of alternative (or instant runoff ) voting used for election to the House of Representatives, combined with single-member districts, means that a well-funded, wellknown candidate from either of the two established major parties can usually see off less well-resourced challengers. The ALP and Liberal-National Coalition have, as in similar countries around the world, effectively worked in concert to prevent the entry of insurgent parties or candidates (Miragliotta and Errington 2012;Ghazarian 2015). Indeed, movements like Climate 200 have explicitly sought to disrupt major-party dominance by replicating party-style coordination.…”