The Changing Significance of Ethnic and Class Resources in Immigrant Businesses: The Case of Korean Immigrant Businesses in Chicago

Yoon, In‐Jin

doi:10.2307/2546290

Cited by 65 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…For example, Bates (1994) challenges the validity of explaining success in self-employment among Asian immigrant-owned small businesses in the U.S. by observing their use of social capital. For the case of Korean immigrant businesses in Chicago, Yoon (1991) finds that ethnic resources as social capital benefits are important at the initial stage of business, but turn out to be irrelevant or insufficient at later stages where human capital becomes dominant. Aldrich and Reese (1993) also argue that networks involved in business start-up have no effect on subsequent business performance.…”

Section: Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Interplay of Human and Social Capital in Shaping Entrepreneurial Performance: The Case of Vietnam

Santarelli

Tran

2012

SSRN Journal

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This study investigates the effects of human capital, social capital and their interaction on the performance of 1,398 Vietnamese new-born firms. Operating profit is used as the measure of success. Human capital is captured by individual-level professional education, start-up experience, and learning. Whereas the first two dimensions of human capital are measured with traditional indicators, we define learning as ability to accumulate knowledge to conduct innovation activities (new product introduction, product innovation and process innovation). Social capital is measured as benefits obtained from personal strong-tie and weak-tie networks. Key findings are three-fold: (i) human capital strongly predicts firm success, with learning exerting a statistically significant positive impact on operating profit; (ii) benefits from weak ties outweigh those from strong ties; (iii) interaction of human capital and social capital displays a statistically significant positive effect on new-firm performance.

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Section: Social Capital and Entrepreneurial Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many authors have studied the effects of human capital and social capital on entrepreneurial performance, usually picking-up either human capital alone (Cooper et al, 1994;Van Praag and Cramer, 2001) or social capital alone (Yoon, 1991;Aldrich and Reese, 1993;Bates, 1994;Pennings et al, 1998) rather than their combination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Interplay of Human and Social Capital in Shaping Entrepreneurial Performance: The Case of Vietnam

Santarelli

Tran

2012

SSRN Journal

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“…ethnic resources, and immigrants are concentrated (Kim, 1995). Although many Korean-Americans have moved into suburban areas in recent years, there is still a majority of elderly Koreans residing in and around (Yoon, 1991). Therefore, research participants for present study were recruited using quota sampling from both inner-city and suburban areas.…”

Section: ) This Complies With the Definition Presented By Hud (Unitementioning

confidence: 99%

Housing Adjustment Behaviors of Korean Elderly Immigrants Living in Affordable Housing

전명희¹

2014

Journal of the Korean housing association

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This study explores the daily life patterns and housing adjustment behaviors of low-income Korean elderly immigrants residing in affordable housing in the Chicago metropolitan area. Utilizing an intercultural perspective, the study focuses on identifying the immigrants' their cultural attributes of daily living and coping responses to residential misfits. These housing adjustment behaviors are classified into five modes consisting of residential mobility, structural adaptation, residential alteration, normative adaptation, and behavioral adaptation. Two-hour in-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 138 participants from 15 affordable housing complexes. Collected information includes demographic data, immigration experiences and cultural identity, daily life patterns, as well as housing evaluation and housing adjustment behaviors. The study results indicate that many research participants maintained their cultural attributes of daily living accumulated from past experiences (i.e. mostly based upon Korean cultural contexts), but also made adjustments as they complied with their aging body and new living conditions. This also reflects that immigrants' cultural needs are not limited to the use of language and ethnic goods, but are also embedded deeply in their daily life patterns to influence one's uses of the dwellings in a broader sense. All five modes of housing adjustment behaviors were observed with research participants within their residential settings. More importantly, normative and behavioral adaptations along with residential alterations occurred more simultaneously rather than sequentially when the respondents perceived discrepancy between oneself (i.e. including one's attributes, needs, and preferences) and his/her dwelling.

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“…Research on ethnic entrepreneurs has employed a middleman minority perspective (e.g., Bonacich & Modell, 1980;Wong, 1985), which was originally used to describe minority-majority relations in colonial and peasant societies (Bonacich, 1973). Middleman minority denotes immigrants who are self-employed, serve minority groups by providing goods, skills, and service, and play the intermediary roles between minority society and mainstream society (Berghe, 1987;Bonacich, 1987;Light, 1972;Yoon, 1991Yoon, , 1997. Their social status is usually marginalised from the host country and results in a strong ethnic identity (Yang, 2006).…”

Section: Ethnic Entrepreneursmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research indicates an "economic dead-end" perspective (Barrett, Jones, & McEvoy, 1996) and disadvantage hypothesis (Light, 1972(Light, , 1979) that immigrants lack opportunities, which limits them to extremely constrained markets Kitching, Smallbone, & Athayde, 2009;Raijman & Tienda, 2000). The immigrant entrepreneurs' literature has highlighted blocked mobility in the labour market, as such, immigrants often use self-employment to supplement employment income (Li, 2001), as they are pushed to start-up businesses to & Tienda, 2000;Yoon, 1991).…”

Section: Economic Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Cross-Cultural Capabilities for Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Australia

Xu¹

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The Changing Significance of Ethnic and Class Resources in Immigrant Businesses: The Case of Korean Immigrant Businesses in Chicago

Cited by 65 publications

References 0 publications

The Interplay of Human and Social Capital in Shaping Entrepreneurial Performance: The Case of Vietnam

The Interplay of Human and Social Capital in Shaping Entrepreneurial Performance: The Case of Vietnam

Housing Adjustment Behaviors of Korean Elderly Immigrants Living in Affordable Housing

The Importance of Cross-Cultural Capabilities for Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Australia

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