The Changing Pattern of Substance Abuse in Urban Adolescents

Brasseux, Cynthia; D’Angelo, Lawrence J.; Guagliardo, Mark F.; Hicks, Jocelyn M.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.152.3.234

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…These self-report prevalence rates have been confirmed from paediatric urine samples (Brasseux, D'Angelo, Guagliardo, & Hicks, 1998) from 1985. The latter survey showed a significant rise in positive results for drugs, in particular use of cannabis.…”

Section: Prevalence and Trendsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Substance Abuse in Young People

Gilvarry

2000

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Adolescent substance abuse, with its heterogeneity, its complexity and its association with behavioural, physical and mental health problems is of increasing interest to many; the politician, the economist, clinicians and researchers, families and young people themselves. Data concerning the prevalence and trends in use of a range of substances in different countries, cultures and different groups are reviewed. The influence of associated mental and physical health problems, the multiple definitions applied to use and abuse and the confounding effect of different ideologies and cultural differences are considered. There is now much interest in the understanding of risk and protective influences, including multi focused prevention programmes among vulnerable young people. Some positive effects of universal prevention programmes are reported, although too often they lack thoroughness in programme implementation, data collection and follow up. Indeed compared to the adult addiction literature there is a death of research on adolescent treatment outcomes. Research needs to address treatment and cost effectiveness in different settings with different groups. The evidence tends to support multi faceted interventions for high risk youths. However, the use of evidence based programmes with a scientific basis should be supported and implemented.

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Section: Prevalence and Trendsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Substance Abuse in Young People

Gilvarry

2000

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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“…The results of this study reflect broader changes in adolescent drug use away from cocaine and other previously commonly used drugs, possibly due in part to changes in availability, and wider use and acceptance of marijuana including its use to manage symptoms of HIV and treatment side effects (Brasseux et al, 1998). Much of the literature regarding HIV and substances of abuse in adults has focused on methamphetamine and cocaine, substances with greater perceived risk; however, studies also have demonstrated alcohol effects on neurocognitive functioning in adults with HIV (Fama et al, 2009), and effects of both alcohol and cannabis on cognition and measures of brain integrity in uninfected adolescents (Squeglia et al, 2009, 2012), suggesting a basis for concern about the substance use pattern seen in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Substance use is prevalent among youth in general, with a shift towards greater use and acceptance of marijuana (Brasseux et al, 1998), daily use of which is greater than at any other time in the last 30 years (Johnston et al, 2012) among high-school age youth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concordance between self-reported substance use and toxicology among HIV-infected and uninfected at risk youth

Nichols

Lowe

Zhang

et al. 2014

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Substance use by youth living with HIV (YLWH) is a concern, given potential interactions with virus-associated immune suppression and adverse effects on risk behaviors, neurocognition, and adherence. Self-report substance use measures provide efficient cost-effective assessments. Analyses describe self-reported substance use among YLWH and examine agreement with toxicology assays. Methods Seventy-eight youth age 18–24 years (87% male, 71% African–American) with behaviorally acquired HIV-1 infection and 55 uninfected youth completed the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test to assess drug use frequency, including tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol, over the prior three months. Elisa-based toxicology assays were used to detect 27 substances in plasma. Chi-square tests compared substance use between YLWH and uninfected youth; Kappa statistics compared agreement between self-report and toxicology. Results YLWH reported marijuana (49%), tobacco (56%), and alcohol (87%) use, with 20%, 28% and 3% reporting daily use of each substance, respectively; other substance use was uncommon. Uninfected youth reported less tobacco use but otherwise similar substance use. All youth who reported daily use of marijuana or tobacco had positive plasma toxicology results, while concordance decreased with less frequent self-reported use. Among youth reporting no substance use, few tested positive (4% YLWH, 2% uninfected youth for cannabis; 8%YLWH for tobacco). Conclusions Youth report high rates of marijuana, tobacco, and alcohol use. Concordance between self-report and toxicology for marijuana and tobacco use, particularly for daily users, supports self-report as a valid indicator of substance use in research studies of youth with or without HIV-1 infection.

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“…This has been demonstrated at the national level in the growth of crack cocaine problems in the United States during the 1980s (Kleber, 1988), and the rapid spread of heroin addiction after its introduction to Pakistan (Gossop, 1989). Similar increases (and decreases) in the types and extent of drug taking occur within other countries (de la Fuente, 1997;Brasseux et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Routes of drug administration and multiple drug misuse: regional variations among clients seeking treatment at programmes throughout England

Gossop¹,

Marsden²,

Stewart³

et al. 2000

Addiction

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The differences in routes of administration of different drugs, and the regional differences in routes of use, have implications for the provision of preventive and treatment services. Interventions to prevent transitions to injecting may be especially appropriate in areas where injecting is not prevalent. Hepatitis B vaccination continues to be advisable in both areas of high and low injecting prevalence. Needle exchange schemes and interventions targeted at drug overdose may be more suitable in areas of high injecting prevalence. Further research into regional differences in routes of drug use should be conducted with non-clinical samples.

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The Changing Pattern of Substance Abuse in Urban Adolescents

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Substance Abuse in Young People

Substance Abuse in Young People

Concordance between self-reported substance use and toxicology among HIV-infected and uninfected at risk youth

Routes of drug administration and multiple drug misuse: regional variations among clients seeking treatment at programmes throughout England

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