The Changing Impact Mechanisms of a Diverse El Niño on the Western Pacific Subtropical High

Chen, Mengyan; Yu, Jin‐Yi; Wang, Xin; Jiang, Wenping

doi:10.1029/2018gl081131

Cited by 46 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…5a,b and 10a,b), featuring an atmospheric Matsuno-Gill response to tropical SST anomalies. The realistic responses in FD_All-Control and SD_All-Control suggest that the circulation anomalies in the NWP are primarily forced by tropical SST anomalies, which is consistent with some previous studies (e.g., Wang et al 2013;Chen et al 2016;Chen et al 2017;Chen et al 2019). The well-reproduced circulation response during SD El Niño summers implies that the discrepant negative rainfall anomalies over the MC in SD_All-Control do not contribute much to the circulation anomalies.…”

Section: Numerical Experimentssupporting

confidence: 89%

Northwest Pacific Anticyclonic Anomalies during Post–El Niño Summers Determined by the Pace of El Niño Decay

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2019

Journal of Climate

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This study investigates the characteristics and maintaining mechanisms of the anomalous northwest Pacific anticyclone (NWPAC) following different El Niño decaying paces. In fast decaying El Niño summers, the positive SST anomalies in the tropical central-eastern Pacific (TCEP) have transformed to negative, and positive SST anomalies appear around the Maritime Continent (MC), whereas in slow decaying El Niño summers, positive SST anomalies are present in the TCEP and in the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO). During fast decaying El Niño summers, the cold Rossby wave in response to the negative TCEP SST anomalies has a primary contribution to maintaining the NWPAC anomalies. The warm Kelvin wave response and enhanced Hadley circulation anomalies forced by the positive MC SST anomalies also facilitate developing the NWPAC anomalies. During slow decaying El Niño summers, the warm Kelvin wave anchored over the TIO plays a crucial role in sustaining the NWPAC anomalies, while the warm Rossby wave triggered by the positive TCEP SST anomalies weakens the western part of the NWPAC anomalies. The southwesterly anomalies of the NWPAC anomalies during fast decaying El Niño summers can reach to higher latitudes than those during slow decaying El Niño summers. Correspondingly, positive rainfall anomalies appear in northern China and the Yangtze River basin in fast decaying El Niño summers but are only distributed in the Yangtze River basin in slow decaying El Niño summers. This study implies that the El Niño decaying pace is a key factor in East Asian summer climate.

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Section: Numerical Experimentssupporting

confidence: 89%

Northwest Pacific Anticyclonic Anomalies during Post–El Niño Summers Determined by the Pace of El Niño Decay

Jiang

Huang

et al. 2019

Journal of Climate

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“…As one of the main processes that regulates the interannual variability of the atmospheric circulation at intercontinental and global scales, ENSO has been widely studied (Chen, Lian, et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2020;McPhaden et al, 2006). Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) is a high-pressure system in the western subtropical North Pacific which plays an important role in summer precipitation in East Asia (Rong Hua et al, 2006;Wu & Zhou, 2008;Yu et al, 2019). Modern observation records show that colder SSTs in the tropical western Pacific will lead to a weaker convective activity in the Philippines, causing this instance the WPSH will turn to southwestward shift; eventually, it will lead to wet conditions in south China and dry conditions in north China (Huang & Sun, 1992).…”

Section: Possible Forcing Mechanisms Of Easm and Enso In Taiwan Islandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleofire, Vegetation, and Climate Reconstructions of the Middle to Late Holocene From Lacustrine Sediments of the Toushe Basin, Taiwan

Huang

Chyi

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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We identified four climatic stages between 6.2 and 1.3 cal kyr before present (BP) based on pollen and charcoal concentrations by high-resolution Accelerated mass spectrometer (AMS) 14 C-dated sediment profile from Taiwan's Toushe Basin. From 6.2 to 4.6 cal kyr BP, the region was warm-wet with infrequent wildfires and dominant subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. The climate was cooler-drier from 4.6 to 3.0 cal kyr BP, with a decline in forest and increased fire frequency. From 3.0 to 2.1 cal kyr BP, climate further cooled and dried, with the development of alpine meadows and higher fire frequency. The region became warmer and wetter from 2.1 to 1.3 cal kyr BP, accompanied by forest recovery. Climatic changes were linked to changes in East Asia Summer Monsoon intensity, which is mainly controlled by solar radiation. Wildfires were likely controlled by precipitation variability that is influenced by East Asia Summer Monsoon and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Toushe Basin experienced drought conditions and frequent wildfires during the El Niño years. Plain Language Summary The purpose of our study is to reveal the relationship between paleoclimate, vegetation, and wildfire. The study area is located in the Toushe Basin, central Taiwan. Through palynological and charcoal analysis, the vegetation, climate, and wildfire history of the past 6,000 to 1,000 years in the study area were reconstructed. The study found that after 4,600 years, the East Asian summer monsoon continued to weaken until approximately 2,000 years ago, during which time the climate was dry and cool, and wildfires were frequent. In addition, it is found that the climate in this region is mainly controlled by the changes in solar radiation. The cycle of climate change coincides with that of solar activity. In El Niño years, the Toushe Basin was dry and frequent wildfires occurred.

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“…For example, it implies that the CMIP5 models produce an overly strong capacitor effect of the Indian Ocean, which is an important component of the delayed ENSO impact on the western Pacific and East Asian weather and climate (e.g., Xie et al 2009Xie et al , 2016Liu et al 2018). Previous studies have also shown that only during the boreal summer of the decaying phase of ENSO will TIO SSTAs exert a significant impact on the western North Pacific anomalous anticyclone (Wu et al 2009Chen et al 2019). The anomalous anticyclone can modulate surface zonal winds in the tropical western Pacific, speeding up or slowing down the termination or transition of ENSO.…”

Section: Enso Inter-basin Teleconnections In Cmip5 Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anomalous anticyclone can modulate surface zonal winds in the tropical western Pacific, speeding up or slowing down the termination or transition of ENSO. Therefore, an overestimation of the TIO SST response to ENSO can also influence the performance of the CMIP5 models in simulating ENSO evolution and diversity An and Kim 2018;Timmermann et al 2018;Chen et al 2019). Figure 8 shows that more than one-third of the models significantly overestimate the SST responses to ENSO in the TIO.…”

Section: Enso Inter-basin Teleconnections In Cmip5 Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENSO’s impacts on the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans via tropical atmospheric processes: observations versus CMIP5 simulations

Yang

et al. 2020

Clim Dyn

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This study compares the impacts of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and the tropical Indian Ocean during 1958-2004. It is found that the tropical atmospheric processes mediating the ENSO impacts are different between the two oceans for two reasons. First, the ENSO-induced anomalous Walker circulation is more extensive over the Atlantic than over the Indian Ocean. As a result, the atmospheric bridge (AB) mechanism is the major contributor to the differences in ENSO teleconnections between the two oceans. Secondly, SSTs in the tropical North Atlantic are under a greater control of the atmospheric thermal forcing than those in the tropical Indian Ocean. Due to these different controls, the tropospheric temperature (TT) mechanism also contributes to the different ENSO teleconnections. When compared with the observations, the mean of thirty-seven models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 overestimates the ENSO-induced SST response in the tropical Indian Ocean but underestimates the response in the tropical North Atlantic. The overestimation is brought about by a westward extension of ENSO SST anomalies in the models, which causes the AB mechanism to produce an overly strong impact on Indian Ocean SSTs. On the other hand, the underestimation is caused by a weaker-than-observed sensitivity in the simulated Atlantic SSTs to the thermal forcing produced by the TT mechanism.

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The Changing Impact Mechanisms of a Diverse El Niño on the Western Pacific Subtropical High

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Northwest Pacific Anticyclonic Anomalies during Post–El Niño Summers Determined by the Pace of El Niño Decay

Northwest Pacific Anticyclonic Anomalies during Post–El Niño Summers Determined by the Pace of El Niño Decay

Paleofire, Vegetation, and Climate Reconstructions of the Middle to Late Holocene From Lacustrine Sediments of the Toushe Basin, Taiwan

ENSO’s impacts on the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans via tropical atmospheric processes: observations versus CMIP5 simulations

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