The changing face of the henipaviruses

Croser, Emma; Marsh, Glenn A.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.08.002

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Paramyxoviruses are well known for their zoonotic potential: avian pneumovirus (AMPV) is the proposed avian ancestor of HMPV, and the avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause disease-primarily conjunctivitis-in humans (9)(10)(11). Multiple novel paramyxoviruses have been detected in bats, including close relatives of human viruses (12,13), and henipaviruses continue to cause infections in humans in Australia and Asia (14)(15)(16)(17). No licensed vaccines or effective antiviral treatments are available for any of these viruses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705) against a Broad Range of Paramyxoviruses In Vitro and against Human Metapneumovirus in Hamsters

Jochmans

Nieuwkoop

Smits

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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T he family Paramyxoviridae contains a number of viruses causing respiratory tract illnesses in humans, which together have a large clinical impact (1). Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections are responsible for severe acute respiratory illnesses mainly in young children, but also in immunocompromised and elderly individuals, and are-together with the influenza viruses (family Orthomyxoviridae)-the primary viral causes of hospitalizations for severe respiratory tract disease (2-5). No licensed vaccines or effective antiviral treatments are available for these viruses. Measles virus, yet another paramyxovirus, is responsible for a devastating disease which the WHO committed to eradicate with the aid of effective vaccines. However, due to suboptimal immunization levels, resurgences in infections have been detected, and there is no effective antiviral treatment available for measles virusinfected patients (6-8). Paramyxoviruses are well known for their zoonotic potential: avian pneumovirus (AMPV) is the proposed avian ancestor of HMPV, and the avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) can cause disease-primarily conjunctivitis-in humans (9-11). Multiple novel paramyxoviruses have been detected in bats, including close relatives of human viruses (12, 13), and henipaviruses continue to cause infections in humans in . No licensed vaccines or effective antiviral treatments are available for any of these viruses. The continuous burden of disease associated with human and zoonotic paramyxoviruses argues for the development of antiviral therapies with broad-spectrum activity against all paramyxoviruses.Favipiravir (T-705; 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamine) is a pyrazine derivative that has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against multiple RNA viruses (18,19). Intracellular host enzymes act upon T-705, converting it to its active form, T-705-4-ribofuranosyl-5-triphosphate (T-705RTP) (20). T-705RTP functions as a purine nucleotide analog that selectively inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) or causes lethal mutagenesis upon incorporation into the viral RNA (21-24). T-705 is presently in clinical development as an influenza virus inhibitor in Japan (new drug application filed) and the United States (phase 3 clinical trial) (18). Antiviral activity has been demonstrated against a broad range of negative-strand RNA viruses, such as members of the Picorna-, , and positive-strand RNA viruses, such as the Noro-and Flavivirus genera (31, 32). Here we evaluated the activity of T-705 against a broad range of paramyxoviruses in vitro and against HMPV in hamsters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705) against a Broad Range of Paramyxoviruses In Vitro and against Human Metapneumovirus in Hamsters

Jochmans

Nieuwkoop

Smits

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…12 , Croser et al . 13 the World Health Organization, the World Organization for Animal Health, and recent studies 8 . Abbreviations are as in Table 1.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main reservoir for Henipaviruses is fruit bats, notably the Pteropus genus. These bats are mainly present in Africa, South-East Asia and Oceania (reviewed in Refs 13,14…”

Section: Introduction To Paramyxovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unity in Diversity

Palgen

Jurgens

Moscona

et al. 2015

The Molecular Basis of Viral Infection

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The Paramyxoviridae family includes many viruses that are pathogenic in humans, including parainfluenza viruses, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus and the emerging zoonotic Henipaviruses. No effective treatments are currently available for these viruses, and there is a need for efficient antiviral therapies. Paramyxoviruses enter the target cell by binding to a cell surface receptor and then fusing the viral envelope with the target cell membrane, allowing the release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm. Blockage of these crucial steps prevents infection and disease. Binding and fusion are driven by two virus encoded glycoproteins, the receptor-binding protein and the fusion protein, that together form the viral “fusion machinery”. The development of efficient antiviral drugs requires a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of the Paramyxoviridae fusion machinery, which is still controversial. Here we review recent structural and functional data on these proteins and the current understanding of the mechanism of the paramyxovirus cell entry process.

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“…This disease is usually fatal in horses with over 80 horses having died or been euthanised due to infection with HeV; furthermore four of the seven humans known to be infected with HeV have died . In 2011, a healthy dog on a HeV affected Qld property was also found to have high levels of neutralising antibody against HeV (Croser and Marsh, 2013). More recently in November 2012, a commercial equine vaccine against HeV (Equivac HeV, Zoetis Australia P/L) was released for use in Australia (Mendez et al, 2013;Broder et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2011, a year with an unusually high occurrence of HeV infections (18 outbreaks) in Australia (Mahalingam et al, 2012), three dogs from a HeV infected property undergoing quarantine in Mount Alford, Queensland were assessed by HeV ELISAs and HeV virus neutralisation serology at AAHL (Croser and Marsh, 2013). This was the first report of a dog infected naturally with HeV in Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Henipavirus microsphere immuno-assays for detection of antibodies against Hendra virus

McNabb

Barr

Crameri

et al. 2014

Journal of Virological Methods

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, J.; Crameri, G.; Juzva, S.; Riddell, S.; Colling, A.; Boyd, V.; Broder, C.; Wang, L.-F.; and Lunt, R., "Henipavirus microsphere immuno-assays for detection of antibodiesagainst Hendra virus" (2014 In general and due to the acute nature of the disease, agent detection by PCR and virus isolation are the primary tools for diagnostic investigations. Assays for the detection of antibodies against HeV are fit more readily for the purpose of surveillance testing in disease epidemiology and to meet certification requirements in the international movement of horses. The first generation indirect ELISA has been affected by non-specific reactions which must be resolved using virus neutralisation serology conducted at laboratory bio-safety level 4 containment (PC4). Recent developments have enabled improvements in the available serology assays. The production of an expressed recombinant truncated HeV G protein has been utilised in ELISA and in Luminex-based multiplexed microsphere assays. In the latter format, two Luminex assays have been developed for use in henipavirus serology: a binding assay (designed for antibody detection and differentiation) and a blocking assay (designed as a surrogate for virus neutralisation). Equine and canine field sera were used to evaluate the two Luminex assays relative to ELISA and virus neutralisation serology. Results showed that Luminex assays can be effective as rapid, sensitive and specific tests for the detection of HeV antibody in horse and dog sera. The tests do not require PC4 containment and are appropriate for high throughput applications as might be required for disease investigations and other epidemiological surveillance. Also, the results show that the Luminex assays detect effectively HeV vaccine-induced antibodies.

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The changing face of the henipaviruses

Cited by 26 publications

References 71 publications

Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705) against a Broad Range of Paramyxoviruses In Vitro and against Human Metapneumovirus in Hamsters

Antiviral Activity of Favipiravir (T-705) against a Broad Range of Paramyxoviruses In Vitro and against Human Metapneumovirus in Hamsters

Unity in Diversity

Henipavirus microsphere immuno-assays for detection of antibodies against Hendra virus

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