The changing epidemiology of cerebral palsy.

Pharoah, P. O. D.; Platt, Mary Jane; Cooke, Theresa

doi:10.1136/fn.75.3.f169

Cited by 134 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…As Kapoor et al and others also found no association with the parental age. 6,7,10,12 As per their living area no specific pattern of CP with rural 27(58.69%) or urban 19 (41.31%) background was found in review of literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar male preponderance has been reported earlier in so many other studies also. 2,6,7,[9][10][11][12] Maximum numbers of patients at presentation were in the age group of 1-3 years in both sexes. Mean age of 2.04±1.53 years was observed in males and 3.67±3.14 years in females with an overall mean age of 2.39±2.04 years among all patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] Modern improved obstetric and advanced prenatal care has resulted in increased survival of low birth weight babies and is associated with an increased proportion of cerebral palsy in these babies. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Etiology of cerebral palsy has been reported to be prenatal in 7-50%, natal in 33-60% and postnatal in 26-45% cases. 4,5…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A clinico-epidemiological study of cerebral palsy in western Rajasthan

Makwana¹,

Mourya²,

Mourya³

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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INTRODUCTIONCerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of disability in children. Incidence of cerebral palsy varies from one to six per thousand live births. Besides handicapping a child, it causes considerable psychological and social trauma to the parents and financial burden to family and community. A cure for cerebral palsy (CP) has not yet been discovered, hence, a ABSTRACT Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the leading causes of disability in children. Incidence of cerebral palsy varies from one to six per thousand live births. Besides handicapping a child, it causes considerable psychological and social trauma to the parents and financial burden to family and community. A cure for cerebral palsy (CP) has not yet been discovered, hence, a need for primary prevention of disease. But unfortunately, the etiology of cerebral palsy is poorly understood thereby eluding a definitive prevention strategy. Methods: All cases of non-progressive neurological disorder in the age group of 0-9 years were enrolled in the present study. Thorough and complete Obstetric history including antenatal, natal and post-natal were recorded. Woodside scale is used for assessment of neurodevelopment and a complete anthropometric measurement, physical examination including detailed Central Nervous System and all neuroimaging and EEG were recorded. Severity of cerebral palsy was assessed according to Minear's classification. Statistical analysis was done by standard statistical methods. Results: Majority of patients were males (78.26%) as compared to females. The mean age of male patients was 2.04±1.53 years and females was 3.67±3.14 years. Spastic type of CP was most common (93.47%), followed by mixed (4.34%) and atonic (2.17%) type. Quadriplegic CP was the most common (76.75%), followed by diplegia (11.62%) amongst the spastic variety. Risk factors found are maternal pyrexia (17.39%), home vaginal delivery (58.70%), birth asphyxia (67.39%), Neonatal seizures (39.13%) other factors being icterus neonatorum (13.04%) and meconium aspiration syndrome (13.04%), ICH (10.86%), septicemia (8.69%) and renal failure (4.34%). Majority of the patients (78.26%) had class III and IV functional impairment. Cortical atrophy was the most commonly (71.73%) seen abnormality on neuroimaging with CT-scan. Epilepsy was present in 47.82% patients. Conclusions: Cerebral palsy along with its associated dysfunctions definitely disturbs the routine of children's life as well as family life. We have to go a long way before something definitive can be done for these children and their families.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A clinico-epidemiological study of cerebral palsy in western Rajasthan

Makwana¹,

Mourya²,

Mourya³

et al. 2017

Int J Contemp Pediatr

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“…The 5 participating registers were the Merseyside and Cheshire Cerebral Palsy Register 2,9,11 ; the North of England Collaborative Cerebral Palsy Survey 7,12 ; the Northern Ireland Cerebral Palsy Register 13 ; 4Child-the Four Counties Database of Cerebral Palsy, Vision Loss and Hearing Loss in Children 14,15 (formerly the Oxford Register of Early Childhood Impairments); and the Scottish Register of Children with a Motor Deficit of Central Origin. 14,16 Henceforth, the registers will be referred to as Mersey, North of England, Oxford, Northern Ireland, and Scotland, respectively.…”

Section: Ukcpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Variation in Survival of People With Cerebral Palsy in the United Kingdom

et al. 2005

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Objectives. Regional variation in survival of people who have cerebral palsy (CP) has been observed but not previously investigated in detail. In addition to true differences, variations in the methods and definitions used, completeness of ascertainment, and the role of potential confounding factors all have been proposed as possible explanations for these observed variations. Our aim was to assess the regional differences in survival of young people with CP and the effect on survival of socioeconomic differences after adjustment for variations in level of impairment and birth characteristics. Methods. Survival patterns for young people with CP were calculated using information from a collaborative database. This database consisted of registrations of children who were born with CP in 5 geographically defined areas in the United Kingdom between 1980 and 1996. Notification of subsequent deaths was provided by the relevant births and death register. We consider the effects of birth characteristics, socioeconomic status, and severity of CP on survival. Results. There were 325 deaths among the 4007 cases of CP identified. The proportion of affected children who survived to 20 years of age ranged from 85% (Mersey-side and Cheshire, male individuals) to 94% (North of England, male individuals). Multivariate modeling showed that the severity of impairment had the biggest impact on survival and that additional contributions were made by birth weight and socioeconomic status but that after such adjustments regional differences were no longer significant. Conclusions. The number and the severity of impairments are the best predictors of survival in young people with CP. After adjustment for the number of impairments, children who were born in affluent areas and had a low birth weight have an increased risk for death over those who were born with a normal birth weight. The same does not hold, however, for those who were born in deprived areas.

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“…Despite these advances, perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) is experienced by about 4/1000 live term births, and disability rates among very low birthweight (birth weight , 1500 g) infants remain high, with 5-15% showing major spastic abnormalities and an additional 25-50% or more having deficits in cognition and behaviour. [4][5][6] Neuroimaging is needed in at risk infants, as clinical evaluation may not provide adequate diagnostic or prognostic information and has two principal functions: (a) early diagnosis of brain injury so that appropriate medical management can be provided; (b) detection of lesions associated with long term neurodevelopmental disability. Currently, cranial ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and MR imaging are the most widely used techniques.…”

Section: Rationale For the Use Of Mr In The Neonatal Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%