The Changes of Serum Metabolites in Diabetic GK Rats after Ileal Transposition Surgery

Roles of Gastric Emptying and Gastrointestinal Transit Following Ileal Interposition in Alleviating Diabetes in Goto-Kakizaki Rats

“…Although it is believed that sustainable weight loss benefits diabetic alleviation (27), previous data on weight change after IT are not unified. Some literature (14,28) shows that IT does not affect body weight, while some others (29,30) found a decrease in weight gain in IT rats. The paradox may be explained by the differences of studied strains, housing environments, operative details, etc.…”

The characterization of metabolites alterations in white adipose tissue of diabetic GK Rats after ileal transposition surgery by an untargeted metabolomics approach

“…These metabolites focused on the following eleven pathways, including ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, AMPK signalling pathway, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, ferroptosis, vitamin digestion and absorption, glycerophospholipid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and bile secretion, which were mainly involved in energy metabolism. Our previous study identified 10 different metabolites from the serum samples of the same diabetic GK rats, which were mainly involved in bile acids, ergostane steroids, ether phosphor-ether lipids, glycerophospholipid, polyphenol metabolite, triglyceride and unsaturated fatty acid, which were closely related to lipid metabolism and incretin secretion [ 8 ]. Consistent with our results, Ashrafian’s study also reported that plasma bile acids, phenylalanine and energy-related metabolites were changed in Wistar rats after RYGB surgery [ 18 ].…”

“…Our previous study found that IT surgery had obvious effects on weight loss and metabolic improvement in diabetic GK rats. The improved parameters after IT surgery focused on the following aspects, including WAT mass, WAT percentage, body weight and food intake, as well as the levels of blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, FGF21 and leptin [ 8 ]. In this study, we further found that the differential metabolites in epididymal WAT of diabetic GK rats between IT group and Sham-IT group had a high correlation with the above-mentioned improved indicators in diabetic GK rats after IT surgery through spearman correlation analysis.…”

“…Recent studies in different animal models of diabetes/obesity found that IT surgery played an important role in weight loss, the reduction of food intake and fat mass, the improvement of glucose, lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity [ 7 ]. Our previous study also found that IT surgery in diabetic GK rats significantly decreased the body weight, food intake and fat mass of rats, and evidently improved their glucose metabolism [ 8 ]. Our further investigation demonstrated that the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) mediated by the activation of FGF21 signalling pathway may contribute to the beneficial effect of IT surgery [ 9 ].…”

“…However, there were few studies reporting the metabolites alterations in animals. Our previous study first identified 10 serum differential metabolites in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats after IT surgery, which was highlighted in the pathways of lipid metabolism, bile acid and incretin secretion [ 8 ].…”