The Change of Sales Modes in International Markets - Empirical Results for German and British High-Tech Firms

Fryges, Helmut

doi:10.2139/ssrn.862165

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…(e.g. Nguyen Van, Laisney and Kaiser, 2004) I use a model based on Gouriéroux (2000) and applied by, for example, Nguyen Van et al (2004) in the context of transitions between different states of firm performance or Fryges (2007) who analyzed changes between sales modes used by firms in international markets.…”

Section: Econometric Analysis Econometric Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Gets the Money? The Dynamics of R&D Project Subsidies in Germany

Aschhoff

2008

SSRN Journal

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Die Dis cus si on Pape rs die nen einer mög lichst schnel len Ver brei tung von neue ren For schungs arbei ten des ZEW. Die Bei trä ge lie gen in allei ni ger Ver ant wor tung der Auto ren und stel len nicht not wen di ger wei se die Mei nung des ZEW dar.Dis cus si on Papers are inten ded to make results of ZEW research prompt ly avai la ble to other eco no mists in order to encou ra ge dis cus si on and sug gesti ons for revi si ons. The aut hors are sole ly respon si ble for the con tents which do not neces sa ri ly repre sent the opi ni on of the ZEW.Download this ZEW Discussion Paper from our ftp server:ftp://ftp.zew.de/pub/zew-docs/dp/dp08018.pdf Non-Technical SummaryEach year over three thousand R&D projects in more than two thousand firms received public grants from the German Federal Government. However, the number of subsidized firms does not reveal, whether it is always the same group of companies that receive funding, or whether the beneficiaries change over time. Understanding the temporal structure of subsidy distribution could help future research explain the effects and effectiveness of subsidies. In the face of shrinking government budgets and intensified international competition in the field of technology, knowing and increasing the efficiency of innovation policies has become crucial.The focus is set on a specific public support scheme, the German Federal Government's non-defense R&D project funding scheme (DPF). This is the most important tool used by the German government to fund R&D in private businesses. In 2005, firms received over 700 million euros under this scheme. The importance of this funding scheme will increase in Germany in the coming years since it is the main distribution channel for the new High-Tech strategy launched by the Federal Government (BMBF, 2006b).The aim of this paper is to analyze the structure of the firms receiving R&D subsidies over time. In particular, I tackle the question of whether the same firms enjoy subsidies over time. There is still very little empirical evidence on the dynamics of firms' participation in public funding schemes. In order to investigate the persistence of funding it is necessary to distinguish between two types of persistence. One is simply due to the fact that funded projects may run for more than one calendar year. The other is due to newly approved projects. In the DPF scheme, approved projects last on average for about three years.The empirical part of this paper is based on an annual innovation survey, the German part of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS). This is merged with the DPF database in order to identify a firm's subsidy status in each year. The sample consists of over 6,000 different firms covering the manufacturing and knowledge-intensive service sectors over the time period from 1994 to 2004.Transition rates are calculated which describe the participation in the DPF scheme between two periods in a univariate context. The share of innovating firms which enter the funding scheme is extremely low. But if a firm has made ...

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Section: Econometric Analysis Econometric Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Gets the Money? The Dynamics of R&D Project Subsidies in Germany

Aschhoff

2008

SSRN Journal

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“…The most closely related empirical papers are Fryges (2007), Hessels and Terjesen (2010), Ahn et al (2011), and Felbermayr and Jung (2011). Using census data on exports of US firms, Felbermayr and Jung (2011) relate the relative prevalence of trade intermediaries to destination country characteristics as well as to the dispersion of firm size across industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysing survey data of German and British firms, Fryges (2007) identifies the factors that drive firms to switch between different export modes. Controlling for destination country characteristics, he finds that firm size has a significantly positive effect on the probability to change from indirect exports to direct exports and interprets his result as evidence for the claim that larger exporters are more likely to dispose of sufficient resources to establish their own distribution network abroad.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Uses Intermediaries in International Trade? Evidence from Firm‐level Survey Data

Abel-Koch¹

2013

World Economy

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The present paper uses data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey conducted in Turkey in 2005 to shed light on the firms that use intermediaries in international trade. It lends robust empirical support to recent theories which suggest that indirect exporters are mostly small firms that are not profitable enough to cover the high fixed costs of building an own distribution network abroad. Manufacturers who develop new products are more likely to use trade intermediaries, as are firms that produce low‐quality goods. In contrast, neither foreign ownership nor credit constraints are correlated with the choice of export mode. Moreover, firms that rely on trade intermediaries to sell their goods abroad also do so to source their foreign inputs, implying that the role of intermediaries in facilitating trade may be larger than previous studies suggest.

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“…The most closely related empirical papers are Felbermayr and Jung (2011), Ahn et al (2011), Fryges (2007), and Hessels and Terjesen (2010). Using census data on exports of U.S. firms, Felbermayr and Jung (2011) relate the relative prevalence of trade intermediaries to destination country characteristics as well as to the dispersion of firm size across industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who Uses Intermediaries in International Trade? Evidence from Firm-Level Survey Data

Abel-Koch

2011

SSRN Journal

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The present paper uses data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey conducted in Turkey in 2005 to shed light on the firms which use intermediaries in international trade. It lends robust empirical support to recent theories which suggest that indirect exporters are mostly small firms which are not profitable enough to cover the high fixed costs of building their own distribution network abroad. Manufacturers which introduce entirely new products to foreign markets are more likely to use trade intermediaries, as are firms which produce low quality goods. In contrast, neither foreign ownership nor credit constraints are correlated with the choice of export mode. Moreover, firms which rely on trade intermediaries to sell their goods abroad also do so to source their foreign inputs, implying that the role of intermediaries in facilitating trade may be larger than previous studies suggest.

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The Change of Sales Modes in International Markets - Empirical Results for German and British High-Tech Firms

Cited by 6 publications

References 55 publications

Who Gets the Money? The Dynamics of R&D Project Subsidies in Germany

Who Gets the Money? The Dynamics of R&D Project Subsidies in Germany

Who Uses Intermediaries in International Trade? Evidence from Firm‐level Survey Data

Who Uses Intermediaries in International Trade? Evidence from Firm-Level Survey Data

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