The change of myopic prevalence in children and adolescents before and after COVID-19 pandemic in Suqian, China

Chen, Hongyan; Liao, Ya; Zhou, Wen; Liu, Dong; Wang, Wei; Wang, Xiaojuan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262166

Cited by 22 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is, however, worth acknowledging that these predictions are susceptible to unpredictable social changes (such as was experienced during the COVID‐19 pandemic) and must be interpreted with caution. For example, in East Asia, there is evidence of a temporary acceleration of both the onset and the progression of myopia, particularly in societies that have shifted to home schooling 103,104 . In contrast, for Africa, despite the recent improvement in school enrolment rates, the generally weaker education systems have been overwhelmed by the COVID‐19 pandemic 105 and may therefore potentially disrupt the predicted trends in our study, resulting in less myopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…For example, in East Asia, there is evidence of a temporary acceleration of both the onset and the progression of myopia, particularly in societies that have shifted to home schooling. 103,104 In contrast, for Africa, despite the recent improvement in school enrolment rates, the generally weaker education systems have been overwhelmed by the COVID-19 pandemic and may therefore potentially disrupt the predicted trends in our study, resulting in less myopia. The actual impact of COVID-19 on myopia in Africa may need to be explored further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

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Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kobia‐Acquah

Flitcroft

Akowuah

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose To provide contemporary and future estimates of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa. Methods A systematic online literature search was conducted for articles on childhood (≤18 years) myopia (spherical equivalent [SE] ≤ −0.50D; high myopia: SE ≤ −6.00D) in Africa. Population‐ or school‐based cross‐sectional studies published from 1 Jan 2000 to 30 May 2021 were included. Meta‐analysis using Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate the prevalence of childhood myopia and high myopia. Myopia prevalence from subgroup analyses for age groups and settings were used as baseline for generating a prediction model using linear regression. Results Forty‐two studies from 19 (of 54) African countries were included in the meta‐analysis (N = 737,859). Overall prevalence of childhood myopia and high myopia were 4.7% (95% CI: 3.3%–6.5%) and 0.6% (95% CI: 0.2%–1.1%), respectively. Estimated prevalence across the African regions was highest in the North (6.8% [95% CI: 4.0%–10.2%]), followed by Southern (6.3% [95% CI: 3.9%–9.1%]), East (4.7% [95% CI: 3.1%–6.7%]) and West (3.5% [95% CI: 1.9%–6.3%]) Africa. Prevalence from 2011 to 2021 was approximately double that from 2000 to 2010 for all studies combined, and between 1.5 and 2.5 times higher for ages 5–11 and 12–18 years, for boys and girls and for urban and rural settings, separately. Childhood myopia prevalence is projected to increase in urban settings and older children to 11.1% and 10.8% by 2030, 14.4% and 14.1% by 2040 and 17.7% and 17.4% by 2050, respectively; marginally higher than projected in the overall population (16.4% by 2050). Conclusions Childhood myopia prevalence has approximately doubled since 2010, with a further threefold increase predicted by 2050. Given this trajectory and the specific public health challenges in Africa, it is imperative to implement basic myopia prevention programmes, enhance spectacle coverage and ophthalmic services and generate more data to understand the changing myopia epidemiology to mitigate the expanding risk of the African population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Kobia‐Acquah

Flitcroft

Akowuah

et al. 2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…There were 532,851 boys, accounting for 50.28% of the study participants. The mean age was 11.57 ± 3.36 (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, participants living in Changle County, Changyi County-city, and Zhucheng County-city had more than 80% proportions of myopia. Therefore, the prevention of myopia in urban-rural fringes and rural areas is also very serious and worthy of attention ( 14 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of myopia: A large-scale population-based study among children and adolescents in weifang, china

Zhang

Li²,

Ren³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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PurposeThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents at the whole city level of Weifang, China.MethodsThis study was a large scale school-based cross-sectional study among children and adolescents aged 5–20 years old. Participants were selected by the school-based registration system in 2020. All the subjects underwent spherical equivalent (SE) error with non-cycloplegic autorefraction measurement. Myopia was defined as an SE refraction of ≤-0.75 diopters (D) and graded into low myopia (−0.75 to −3.00 D), moderate myopia (−3.01 to −5.99 D), and high myopia (≤-6.00 D).ResultsA total of 1,059,838 participants were eligible for this survey and 1,013,206 (95.6% participation rate) were selected through data quality control, which comprised 17 districts/counties and 1,254 schools, including 861 elementary schools, 313 middle schools, and 80 high schools. The mean age of participants was 11.57 ± 3.36 years (5–20 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.11. The whole city-level prevalence of total myopia was 75.35%. The prevalence of total myopia among the students in the Hanting District was 45.47%, but ≈82.37% of students living in Changyi have myopia. The overall prevalence of low myopia in elementary, middle, and high school students was 48.56, 47.30, and 31.62%, respectively, while high myopia (SE ≤ −6.00 D) prevalence was 1.12, 8.89, and 20.12%, respectively. The overall prevalence of myopia increased fastest in children aged 7–9 years old. The prevalence of high myopia was 7.59% for girls and 6.43% for boys, respectively (p < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with increasing age and grade, but SE decreased with increasing age and grade.ConclusionsThe current investigation demonstrated a high proportion of myopia among school students in the city of Weifang, and gradually increased with age, and the prevalence of myopia was the highest in Changyi areas. The high myopia prevalence for girls was higher than that in boys.

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“…Statistics show that myopia, as a major public health issue of modernization, is expected to affect 49.8% of the global population in 2050, with a possible prevalence of up to 90% in East Asia and 20% of the cases evolving into high myopia [ 4 ]. Myopia-induced visual impairment may lead to high myopia-associated complications, including cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, myopic macular degeneration, and choroidal neovascularization [ 5 , 6 ], which may bring inconvenience to the study and life for adolescent students and cause a great socio-economic burden [ 7 ]. Therefore, it is of great implications to explore intervention measures for the prevention and control of myopia among teenagers to alleviate juvenile myopia and avoid high myopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Atropine Eye Drops Combined with VR-Based Binocular Visual Function Balance Training for Prevention and Control of Juvenile Myopia

Shi

2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Purpose. This study mainly analyzes the efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops (low-dose atropine (LDA)) combined with virtual reality (VR)-based binocular visual function (BVF) balance training in the prevention and control of juvenile myopia. Methods. One hundred and thirty-six juvenile myopia patients admitted between November 2018 to November 2021 were selected, including 76 cases (research group) receiving LDA + VR-based BVF balance training and 60 cases (control group) treated by LDA intervention alone. Visual acuity (VA; naked vision), ocular parameters (pupil diameter (PD), axial length (AXL), and diopter), intraocular pressure (IOP), accommodation facility, clinical efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions were observed, compared, and analyzed in both groups. Results. After analysis, it was found that the research group showed significantly higher naked vision and PD while statistically lower D after intervention than the corresponding preinterventional parameters than the control group. While AXL showed no statistical difference between the groups and within groups. The IOP also differed insignificantly between groups, but the post-treatment accommodation facility was better in the research group compared with the baseline (before treatment) and control group. In terms of curative effects, an obviously higher total effective rate was determined in the research group. In addition, the two groups showed no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusions. LDA + VR-based BVF balance training deserves clinical popularization, as it can prevent and control myopia among teenagers, with better adjusting effects on eye function and certain safety.

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The change of myopic prevalence in children and adolescents before and after COVID-19 pandemic in Suqian, China

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Regional variations and temporal trends of childhood myopia prevalence in Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Prevalence of myopia: A large-scale population-based study among children and adolescents in weifang, china

Effect of Atropine Eye Drops Combined with VR-Based Binocular Visual Function Balance Training for Prevention and Control of Juvenile Myopia

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