The challenging sonographic inguinal canal evaluation in neonates and children: an update of differential diagnoses

Sameshima, Yoshino Tamaki; Yamanari, M.; Silva, Mariana A.; Neto, Miguel José Francisco; Funari, M.B.G.

doi:10.1007/s00247-016-3706-8

Cited by 34 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Whilst consensus has not been reached on its role, it appears to act, with the gubernaculum, in dilating a pathway for testicular descent through the inguinal canal and into the scrotum . In females, the processus vaginalis, known as the canal of Nuck, is smaller and more rudimentary than in males . The canal of Nuck accompanies the gubernaculum which differentiates to become the round ligament of the uterus .…”

Section: The Processus Vaginalis and Its Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congenital inguinal hernias occur in up to 5% of children under 15 years of age . Boys are more susceptible with a 6:1 male to female ratio reported .…”

Section: Anomalies Directly Related To Persistence Of the Processus Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of a hydrocele, any opening of the process vaginalis into the peritoneum measuring 4mm or greater is considered positive for a contralateral patent processus vaginalis …”

Section: Anomalies Directly Related To Persistence Of the Processus Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence of the processus vaginalis and its related disorders

Brainwood¹,

Beirne²,

Fenech

2020

Australas J Ultrason Med

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The processus vaginalis is a blind‐ended evagination of the abdominal wall that develops during fetal life and typically undergoes obliteration in early life. Persistence of the processus vaginalis is associated with a number of pathologies including congenital indirect inguinal hernias, communicating hydroceles, funicular and encysted hydroceles, canal of Nuck cysts, and acquired undescended testis. Whilst all are detectable sonographically, there is little educational material relevant to the field of ultrasound with much of the literature directed at surgical and primary care physicians. Furthermore, within the literature there is a lack of consensus on several areas including the anatomy and embryology of the processus vaginalis and the mechanisms behind its obliteration. As such the objective of this paper is to distil the information regarding the persistent processus vaginalis as it is relevant to ultrasound and in doing so address the literature gap for sonographers and sonologists. The anatomy and embryology of the persistent processus vaginalis will be discussed including causative mechanisms for anomalies with their sonographic appearance highlighted.

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Section: The Processus Vaginalis and Its Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congenital inguinal hernias occur in up to 5% of children under 15 years of age . Boys are more susceptible with a 6:1 male to female ratio reported .…”

Section: Anomalies Directly Related To Persistence Of the Processus Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Persistence of the processus vaginalis and its related disorders

Brainwood¹,

Beirne²,

Fenech

2020

Australas J Ultrason Med

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“…≥ 4 or 4.5 mm). This shows the necessity of establishing more adequate homogeneous ultrasonographic criteria to accurately detect CPPV [28]. The results should be interpreted with caution because of high heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasonography in predicting contralateral inguinal hernia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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• Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasonography for detection of CPPV in children with unilateral inguinal hernia is high. • Preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation of the contralateral groin assumedly results in an overestimation of MCIH prevalence. • Unequivocal ultrasonographic criteria are mandatory for proper diagnosis of CPPV and risk factor identification is needed to predict whether CPPV develops into clinically apparent MCIH.

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“…Mainly depending on the different degree and level of processus vaginalis obliteration failure, these methods may help to find the abnormality of inguinal canal, including various types of hydrocele (communicating, non-communicating, funicular), spermatic cord cyst in males, hydrocele of the canal of Nuck in females, cyst of the round ligament of uterus, and indirect inguinal hernias [12]. Communicating hydrocele results from the patent processus vaginalis throughout its length.…”

Section: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized Treatment of Inguinal Hernia in Children

Chen¹,

Chu²,

Shen³

et al. 2017

Hernia

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The incidence of inguinal hernias in various age groups of children ranges from 0.8 to 4.4%. Pediatric indirect inguinal hernia is congenital, originating in the patent processus vaginalis. The inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common pediatric operations. The traditional high hernia sac ligation is the primary treatment for younger patients from 1 to 13 years of age and can correct the condition. The authors performed the high ligation of the hernia sac by the laparoscopic approach for the patients under 13 years old and achieved good therapeutic results in the last 10 years. However, through our clinical study, the authors found that the simple high ligation of hernia sac is inadequate for patients from 13 to 18 years of age, who had a longer medical history, larger diameter of the internal inguinal ring, and more serious defects of the transverse fascia. Pediatric inguinal hernias are prone to postoperative recurrence if the patients were only treated with the high ligation of hernia sac. To repair the transverse fascia and strengthen the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, Lichtenstein hernioplasty with a biological patch was performed for the patients from 13 to 18 years in the authors' department. The aims of this chapter are to narrate the individualized treatment of inguinal hernia in children and try to provide relatively reasonable operative methods.

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The challenging sonographic inguinal canal evaluation in neonates and children: an update of differential diagnoses

Cited by 34 publications

References 42 publications

Persistence of the processus vaginalis and its related disorders

Persistence of the processus vaginalis and its related disorders

Diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasonography in predicting contralateral inguinal hernia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Individualized Treatment of Inguinal Hernia in Children

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