The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review

Ionescu, Marcela Daniela; Popescu, N; Stănescu, Diana; Enculescu, Augustina; Bălgrădean, Mihaela; Căpitănescu, Georgiana Mihaela; Bumbăcea, Dragoş

doi:10.3390/jcm11226736

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…4 The diagnosis of chILD is frequently established in the first year of life, and those that are familial, constitute more than 10% of cases. 5 Diseases of chILD substantially overlap with adult ILD with a few exceptions. In adulthood, disorders of infancy such as neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia in infancy and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis are unlikely to occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fibrotic lung diseases in children

Sunman,

Kiper

2024

Pediatric Pulmonology

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In children, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an extremely unusual entity that can be observed in some types of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Defining whether ILD is accompanied by PF is important for targeted therapy. Algorithm for the diagnosis of PF in children is not clearly established. Besides, the clinical, radiological, and histological definitions commonly used to diagnose particularly the cases of idiopathic PF in adult patients, is not applicable to pediatric cases. However, a few studies conducted in children offer good exemplary diagnostic approach to fibrosing ILD. Thorax high resonance computed tomography and/or lung biopsy scanning can provide valuable information about PF. Another issue that has not been clearly established is when to start antifibrotic treatment in pediatric patients with PF. The objective of this current review is to provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric PF by drawing upon adult research, particularly focusing on the areas of uncertainty.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of chILD is frequently established in the first year of life, and those that are familial, constitute more than 10% of cases 5 . Diseases of chILD substantially overlap with adult ILD with a few exceptions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fibrotic lung diseases in children

Sunman,

Kiper

2024

Pediatric Pulmonology

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“…Mild forms of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) usually respond to outpatient treatment, with complete recovery of normal lung architecture and function. Severe or recurrent forms of pneumonia carry the risk of developing long-term complications, such as postsurgical pleuropulmonary sequelae or childhood interstitial lung disease (chILD) [2]. Hospitalization for pneumococcal pneumonia is associated with a significant risk of complications, which occur in approximately 40% to 70% of cases, the most frequent being pleurisy, empyema, necrotizing pneumonia, lung abscess, and sepsis [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mannose-Binding Lectin and Inflammatory Markers in Establishing the Course and Prognosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

Taraș,

Mahler,

Bălgrădean

et al. 2023

Children

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Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most significant childhood diseases worldwide and a leading infectious cause of death in children. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the inflammatory markers—C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT)—and the polymorphic glycoprotein mannose-binding lectin (MBL), deficiency of which is associated with severe infections, in the determination of the optimal type and timing of therapeutic intervention for CAP in childhood. Methods: Retrospective evaluation was conducted on a cohort of 204 children aged 4 months–17 years hospitalized with CAP. Their levels of CRP, PCT, and MBL were assessed for their association with a variety of outcomes, including the incidence of local and systemic complications, admission to the ICU, duration of antibiotic treatment and hospital stay, and death. Results: CRP and PCT proved to be better predictors of complications of CAP than MBL. The area under the curve (AUC) value was highest for PCT as a predictor of systemic complications (AUC = 0.931, 95%CI 0.895–0.967), while CRP (AUC = 0.674, 95%CI 0.586–0.761) performed best as a predictor of local complications (AUC = 0.674, 95%CI 0.586–0.761). Regarding admission to the ICU, CRP was the weakest predictor (AUC = 0.741), while PCT performed the best (AUC = 0.833), followed by MBL (AUC = 0.797). Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the optimal threshold generated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, rendering sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 87% for PCT in assessing the risk of systemic complications, compared to sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 90% for CRP. MBL showed relatively high sensitivity (96%) but low specificity (25%) for predicting the need for ICU admission. Conclusions: Early measurement of CRP, PCT, and MBL provides clinicians with important information regarding the course and prognosis of children diagnosed with CAP, thus ensuring prompt, optimal therapeutic management.

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Clinical nomogram assisting in discrimination of juvenile dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease

Hu,

Shen,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Respir Res

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Objective To establish a prediction model using non-invasive clinical features for early discrimination of DM-ILD in clinical practice. Method Clinical data of pediatric patients with JDM were retrospectively analyzed using machine learning techniques. The early discrimination model for JDM-ILD was established within a patient cohort diagnosed with JDM at a children’s hospital between June 2015 and October 2022. Results A total of 93 children were included in the study, with the cohort divided into a discovery cohort (n = 58) and a validation cohort (n = 35). Univariate and multivariate analyses identified factors associated with JDM-ILD, including higher ESR (OR, 3.58; 95% CI 1.21–11.19, P = 0.023), higher IL-10 levels (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02–1.41, P = 0.038), positivity for MDA-5 antibodies (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 1.11–33.43, P = 0.045). A nomogram was developed for risk prediction, demonstrating favorable discrimination in both the discovery cohort (AUC, 0.736; 95% CI, 0.582–0.868) and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.792; 95% CI, 0.585–0.930). Higher nomogram scores were significantly associated with an elevated risk of disease progression in both the discovery cohort (P = 0.045) and the validation cohort (P = 0.017). Conclusion The nomogram based on the ESIM predictive model provides valuable guidance for the clinical evaluation and long-term prognosis prediction of JDM-ILD.

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The Challenging Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children—One Case Report and Literature Review

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Fibrotic lung diseases in children

Fibrotic lung diseases in children

The Role of Mannose-Binding Lectin and Inflammatory Markers in Establishing the Course and Prognosis of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

Clinical nomogram assisting in discrimination of juvenile dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease

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