The Challenges for Food Safety in China

Bian, Yongmin

doi:10.4000/chinaperspectives.819

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The 1982 Food Hygiene Act created a nascent supervisory system for regulating private food businesses along with the first national hygiene standards to prevent microbiological contamination in food processing, distribution, and catering. Legislative amendments and ongoing state restructuring in the late 1990s consolidated the nature and number of agencies involved in food safety regulation, eliminating the previous, poorly coordinated, and parallel systems for supervising private and state-owned enterprises and giving the Ministry of Health (MoH) responsibility for food hygiene, but leaving other ministries with various overlapping but ambiguously defined supervisory responsibilities (Bian, 2004). Decentralization reforms devolved fiscal and leadership responsibilities onto local governments whose formal economic growth targets and revenue requirements reinforced tendencies toward regulatory permissiveness and protectionism in favor of local businesses (Tam & Yang, 2005).…”

Section: Risk and Reform In Chinese Food Safety Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Carrying the black pot”: Food safety and risk in China's reactive regulatory state

Wang

Demeritt

Rothstein

2022

Regulation & Governance

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This paper explores the struggles of China's party‐state to address chronic food safety problems by adopting international best practices of risk‐based regulation. Despite formally adopting risk‐based approaches for targeting inspections and enforcement in 2002, implementation has been halting and uneven, as we show in the first analysis of risk‐based regulation beyond its OECD heartlands. Drawing on policy document analysis and 36 key informant interviews with food business operators and government officials working on food safety regulation at every level of the state, we identify contradictions between official commitments to risk‐based inspection and top‐down demands for zero tolerance and strict accountability, which leave local inspectors preoccupied with avoiding blame more than reducing safety risks. Our analysis advances recent scholarship on regulatory states of the global South by highlighting how risk‐based ideas, instruments, and practices are refracted through the distinctive norms and style of China's reactive regulatory state.

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Section: Risk and Reform In Chinese Food Safety Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Carrying the black pot”: Food safety and risk in China's reactive regulatory state

Wang

Demeritt

Rothstein

2022

Regulation & Governance

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“…In China, the first version of the regulation governing the administration of veterinary medicines, including hormonal products, was issued in 1987 [ 41 , 42 ]. Major amendments were made in 2001 and the current version of the Regulation on the administration of veterinary medicines in China was adopted in 2004.…”

Section: Legislative Measures For the Use Of Aasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Major amendments were made in 2001 and the current version of the Regulation on the administration of veterinary medicines in China was adopted in 2004. Over time, the Ministry of Agriculture of China (MOA) added supporting regulations as measures for the registration of veterinary medicinal products [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], Including administrative measures on over-the-counter veterinary medicinal products and standards for the use of veterinary medicinal products in beef and dairy cattle, pigs, sheep, hens, and rabbits [ 45 ]. Since 1999, the MOA has introduced mandatory monitoring and control of the use of veterinary products, including some AAS, each year, and in 2002 issued the latest standards for MRLs for veterinary medicines used in food-producing animals.…”

Section: Legislative Measures For the Use Of Aasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anabolic Steroids in Fattening Food-Producing Animals—A Review

Skoupá

Šťastný

Sládek

2022

Animals

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Anabolic steroids are chemically synthetic derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. They are used in medicine for their ability to support muscle growth and healing and by athletes for esthetic purposes and to increase sports performance, but another major use is in fattening animals to increase meat production. The more people there are on Earth, the greater the need for meat production and anabolic steroids accelerate the growth of animals and, most importantly, increase the amount of muscle mass. Anabolic steroids also have proven side effects that affect all organs and tissues, such as liver and kidney parenchymal damage, heart muscle degeneration, organ growth, coagulation disorders, and increased risk of muscle and tendon rupture. Anabolic steroids also have a number of harmful effects on the developing brain, such as brain atrophy and changes in gene expression with consequent changes in the neural circuits involved in cognitive functions. Behavioral changes such as aggression, irritability, anxiety and depression are related to changes in the brain. In terms of long-term toxicity, the greatest impact is on the reproductive system, i.e., testicular shrinkage and infertility. Therefore, their abuse can be considered a public health problem. In many countries around the world, such as the United States, Canada, China, Argentina, Australia, and other large meat producers, the use of steroids is permitted but in all countries of the European Union there is a strict ban on the use of anabolic steroids in fattening animals. Meat from a lot of countries must be carefully inspected and monitored for steroids before export to Europe. Gas or liquid chromatography methods in combination with mass spectrometry detectors and immunochemical methods are most often used for the analysis of these substances. These methods have been considered the most modern for decades, but can be completely ineffective if they face new synthetic steroid derivatives and want to meet meat safety requirements. The problem of last years is the application of “cocktails” of anabolic substances with very low concentrations, which are difficult to detect and are difficult to quantify using conventional detection methods. This is the reason why scientists are trying to find new methods of detection, mainly based on changes in the structure of tissues and cells and their metabolism. This review gathered this knowledge into a coherent form and its findings could help in finding such a combination of changes in tissues that would form a typical picture for evidence of anabolic misuse.

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“…3-5). 130 See the overview in Yongmin (2004). China's economic and trade relations with other countries,' which is also applicable to food.…”

Section: B Food Regulation In the People's Republic Of China (Prc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“‘Novel food’ for thought” on law and policymaking in the global creative economy

Neuwirth

2013

Eur J Law Econ

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Law and policymaking form a central theme of the global governance debate. In these times of an emerging global creative economy the debate is becoming increasingly complex as global governance is faced with serious challenges of a political, economic, cultural, environmental, social, technological and, last but not least, legal nature. Against the backdrop of a global food crisis, both in terms of food security and food safety for all, the present article explores some of the broader regulatory aspects of these challenges by looking at the regulation of food and notably novel food as engineered by the use of bio-and nano-technologies. It aims to show how the preservation of the integrity of law over time, and with it the objectives of providing legal predictability and legal certainty, are threatened by deficiencies in the institutional design of the current international legal framework as well as in the conceptual understanding underlying the legal instruments adopted by these institutions. The analysis at the international level is complemented by a brief look at the domestic level exemplified by the situation in the European Union and the People's Republic of China against the backdrop of their attempts to formulate and successfully implement policies enhancing their competitive advantages in the creative economy.

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The Challenges for Food Safety in China

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

“Carrying the black pot”: Food safety and risk in China's reactive regulatory state

“Carrying the black pot”: Food safety and risk in China's reactive regulatory state

Anabolic Steroids in Fattening Food-Producing Animals—A Review

“‘Novel food’ for thought” on law and policymaking in the global creative economy

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