The challenges and promises of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for use as a cell-based therapy

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are ideal for cell-based therapy in various inflammatory diseases because of their immunosuppressive and tissue repair properties. Moreover, their immunosuppressive properties and low immunogenicity contribute to a reduced or weakened immune response elicited by the implantation of allogeneic MSCs compared with other cell types. Therefore, implantation of allogeneic MSCs may be a promising cell-based therapy. In this review, we first summarize the unique advantages of allogeneic MSCs for therapeutic applications. Second, we critically analyze the factors influencing their therapeutic effects, including administration routes, detection time-points, disease models, differentiation of MSCs in vivo, and timing and dosage of MSC administration. Finally, current approaches to allogeneic MSC application are discussed. In conclusion, allogeneic MSCs are a promising option because of their low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive and tissue repair capabilities. Further investigations are needed to enhance the consistency and efficacy of MSCs when used as a cell-based therapy in inflammatory diseases as well as for tissue repair.

Potential immunomodulatory effects of stem cells from the apical papilla on Treg conversion in tissue regeneration for regenerative endodontic treatment

“…Many studies have shown that MSCs can either increase the number and function of Tregs or promote the conversion of naive CD4 + T cells into Tregs (Takahashi et al 2014. MSCs possess low immunogenicity (Zhang et al 2015). The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressed properties of MSCs in the periapical area may also contribute to tissue regeneration and wound healing (Zhang et al 2013, Araujo-Pires et al 2014.…”

Is Stem Cell a Curer or an Obstruction?

“…78 It has a great potential of regenerative medicine due to its ability and immunomodulatory characteristic. 79 The modulation of MSC local environment for repair and regeneration is modulated by the direct cell to cell interaction or secretion of immune-related molecules. 66 However, in previous studied, MSC is found to play roles in facilitating tumorigenesis and cancer.…”

Encapsulation of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in alginate extends local presence and therapeutic function

“…MSCs are a promising cell type for therapy, because they have the potential to differentiate into repair tissue and also have trophic and immunomodulatory capacities. While they have been shown to be capable of improving damaged tissue, their contribution does not seem to originate from long-term engraftment and differentiation (Toma et al, 2002;Zhang et al, 2015). This suggests that MSCs can also stimulate endogenous tissue repair, in addition to their ability to differentiate into cells of the mesoderm lineage.…”