The challenge of extra-intra craniometry: a computer-assisted three-dimensional approach on the equine skull

Abstract

Background: The topographical correlations between certain extracranial and intracranial osseous points of interest (POIs), (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 3: 458-472)

Extracranial guiding structures for navigation to specific topographical sectors of the equine neopallium: an anatomical investigation performing three-dimensional distance measurements in adult warm-blooded horses

“…Measurements were performed on the outside of the head (craniometry) andafter brain removal from the cranial cavityon the surface of the isolated brain (encephalometry) using the scales of the moveable specimen table of the stereotactic apparatus that was shifted in either the longitudinal or transversal direction. Measurements on the macerated skulls (craniometry) were performed by using the Faro® Fusion measurement device (Faro Europe, Stuttgart, GER) together with the operating software DELCAM PowerINSPECT (DELCAM, Birmingham, UK) as previously described [7,22,26].…”

“…Previously, the applicability and usefulness of such extra-intra measurements and calculations were demonstrated in the field of equine craniometry [7] with special emphasis on the so-called Indirect Distances in a three-dimensional Coordinate System. Data from numerous equine craniometric studies [7,10,18,19,22,25,26], various imaging procedures [2; 12, 16, 32, 33] and some electrophysiological approaches [1,3,6] are currently available. However, they appear limited in their methodical scope because a topographical link is missing between the two subjects of interest, i.e.…”