The challenge of developing rechargeable magnesium batteries

Shterenberg, Ivgeni; Salama, Michael; Gofer, Yosef; Levi, Elena; Aurbach, Doron

doi:10.1557/mrs.2014.61

Cited by 288 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…In this regard batteries based on divalent magnesium (Mg) have received increasing attention. 6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The theoretical volumetric capacity of a Mg anode, 3833 mAh/cm 3 , is nearly double that of monovalent Li, 2046 mAh/cm 3 . 8, 16-17 A Mg-based battery may also possess advantages in safety and cost compared to Li systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface-Induced Renormalization of Electrolyte Energy Levels in Magnesium Batteries

Kumar¹,

Siegel

2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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A promising strategy for increasing the energy density of Li-ion batteries is to substitute a multivalent (MV) metal for the commonly used lithiated carbon anode. Magnesium is a prime candidate for such a MV battery due to its high volumetric capacity, abundance, and limited tendency to form dendrites. One challenge that is slowing the implementation of Mg-based batteries, however, is the development of efficient and stable electrolytes. Computational screening for molecular species having sufficiently wide electrochemical windows is a starting point for the identification of optimal electrolytes. Nevertheless, this window can be altered via interfacial interactions with electrodes. These interactions are typically omitted in screening studies, yet they have the potential to generate large shifts to the HOMO and LUMO of the electrolyte components. The present study quantifies the stability of several common electrolyte solvents on model electrodes of relevance for Mg batteries. Many-body perturbation theory calculations based on the G 0 W 0 method were used to predict shifts in a solvent's electronic levels arising from interfacial interactions. In molecules exhibiting large dipole moments, our calculations indicate that these interactions reduce the HOMO− LUMO gap by ∼25% (compared to isolated molecules). We conclude that electrode interactions can narrow an electrolyte's electrochemical window significantly, thereby accelerating redox decomposition reactions. Accounting for these interactions in screening studies presents an opportunity to refine predictions of electrolyte stability.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface-Induced Renormalization of Electrolyte Energy Levels in Magnesium Batteries

Kumar¹,

Siegel

2016

J. Phys. Chem. Lett.

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“…[47] As a full inorganic electrolyte, the MACC electrolyte has drawn much attention in the community, and has been extensively studied in recent years. [48][49][50][51][52] − . [53] The oxidative stability of 2.5 V versus Mg on Pt electrode for this electrolyte is inferior to the reported MACC solution in a pure ethereal solvent and the ionic liquid possibly contributed to the high ionic conductivity of the electrolyte (8.5 mS/ cm).…”

Section: Combinations Of Magnesium Chloride With Aluminum-based Lewismentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium-sulfur battery: its beginning and recent progress

Zhao‐Karger

Fichtner

2017

MRS Communications

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Rechargeable magnesium (Mg) battery has been considered as a promising candidate for future battery generations because of its potential high-energy density, its safety features and low cost. The challenges lying ahead for the realization of Mg battery in general are to develop proper electrolytes fulfilling a multitude of requirements and to discover cathode materials enabling high-energy Mg batteries. The combination of Mg anode with a sulfur cathode is one of the promising electrochemical couples due to its advantages of safety, low costs, and a high theoretical energy density of over 3200 Wh/L. However, the research on magnesium-sulfur (Mg-S) battery is just at its beginning and the development of suitable electrolytes has been the key challenge for further improvement, and, thus, in the focus of recent research. In this review, we highlight the recent progress achieved in Mg electrolytes and Mg-S batteries and discuss the major technical issues, which must be resolved for the improvement of Mg-S batteries.

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“…[115,116] For these reasons, since the Mg rechargeable cell was proposed by Gregory et al [117] and the first prototype of a Mg ion cell was reported by Aurbach et al, [118] most research on Mg rechargeable cells has mainly focused on developing high capacity cathodes and appropriate organic electrolytes, which are strongly emphasized in the recent review articles. [115,116,119] In the historical development of Mg rechargeable cells, there were two significant breakthroughs; [116] (1) the report of solutions containing Mg organo-borate moieties that provide an environment for reversible Mg deposition/dissolution, even in the absence of highly reducing Grignard reagents, (2) (copyright is needed) [116] Since the DCC family of electrolytes was proposed, many types of cathodes have been tested such as transition metal disulfides [120] and Cheveral type cathodes in the DCC electrolytes. [118] could be achieved due to the fast insertion kinetics of Mg 2+ ions provided by its structure that has many vacant sites for Mg, a short diffusion distance between accommodation sites and easy charge compensation of the metallic Mo cluster during Mg diffusion.…”

Section: Magnesium Rechargeable Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aurbach et al categorized Mg-cell electrolytes into four types in their recent review paper: [119] (1) Grignard-based electrolytes, (2) advanced Grignard-based electrolytes with high anodic stability, (3) non-Grignard based electrolytes, and (4) MgTFSI 2 -based electrolytes. The first electrolyte for Mg rechargeable cells was reported in the 1920s, which was composed of Grignard reagents (R-MgX, R = C 6 H 5 X = Br, Cl).…”

Section: Magnesium Rechargeable Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li‐Ion Batteries and Beyond: Future Design Challenges

Hwa

Cairns

2015

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Light metals have been widely used as electrode materials for batteries owing to their low standard redox potential, their low equivalent weight, large specific capacity, and great abundance. Both primary and secondary cells including light metals as electrode material have influenced all aspects of our lives, e.g., electrically operated toys, power tools, and portable electronics such as cell phones, smart pads, and laptop computers. Among all battery systems, rechargeable lithium (Li) ion cells have been used most widely in recent years owing to their high specific power, high energy density, and ambient temperature operation. However, Li‐ion cells are facing difficult challenges in satisfying the emerging market for advanced applications demanding high‐performance rechargeable batteries for applications such as electric vehicles, high‐performance portable electronics, and large‐scale electrical energy storage systems. Unfortunately, current Li‐ion cells cannot satisfy demands such as low cost, much improved safety, larger energy density, faster charge/discharge rates, and longer service life, so intensive effort is necessary to develop the next generation of cells. In this article, the limitations of current Li‐ion cells and various advanced materials for each component of the Li‐ion cell, in addition to other promising candidates for cells beyond Li ion, such as the Li/S cell and Na‐ and Mg‐based rechargeable cells, and metal/air cells are discussed.

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The challenge of developing rechargeable magnesium batteries

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 288 publications

References 53 publications

Interface-Induced Renormalization of Electrolyte Energy Levels in Magnesium Batteries

Interface-Induced Renormalization of Electrolyte Energy Levels in Magnesium Batteries

Magnesium-sulfur battery: its beginning and recent progress

Li‐Ion Batteries and Beyond: Future Design Challenges

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