The Challenge of Connecting Dietary Changes to Improved Disease Outcomes: The Balance between Positive, Neutral, and Negative Publication Results

Beto, Judith A.; Champagne, Catherine M.; Dennett, Carrie C.; Harris, Jeffrey E.

doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.02.019

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, not all studies have replicated these findings [50–52]. Inconsistencies could be due to differences in study populations, methodologies, or dietary scoring methods [53,54]. The most recent null finding came from another analysis from the WHIMS, using essentially the same sample and FFQ data as those used in the present study [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

Hayden

Beavers

Steck

et al. 2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Introduction The Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diets have been associated with lower dementia risk. We evaluated dietary inflammatory potential in relation to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia risk. Methods Baseline food frequency questionnaires from n = 7085 women (aged 65–79 years) were used to calculate Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores that were categorized into four groups. Cognitive function was evaluated annually, and MCI and all-cause dementia cases were adjudicated centrally. Mixed effect models evaluated cognitive decline on over time; Cox models evaluated the risk of MCI or dementia across DII groups. Results Over an average of 9.7 years, there were 1081 incident cases of cognitive impairment. Higher DII scores were associated with greater cognitive decline and earlier onset of cognitive impairment. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) comparing lower (anti-inflammatory; group 1 referent) DII scores to the higher scores were group 2-HR: 1.01 (0.86–1.20); group 3-HR: 0.99 (0.82–1.18); and group 4-HR: 1.27 (1.06–1.52). Conclusions Diets with the highest pro-inflammatory potential were associated with higher risk of MCI or dementia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

Hayden

Beavers

Steck

et al. 2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…Likewise, our study did not find a significant difference in EDII between VaD subjects and healthy controls. Contradictory findings may be attributed to differences in study populations, methodologies, or dietary scoring methods 46,47 . Insufficient power could also contribute to a negative result.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contradictory findings may be attributed to differences in study populations, methodologies, or dietary scoring methods. 46 , 47 Insufficient power could also contribute to a negative result. Sample size calculations using the expected difference in EDII from our study found that 68 VaD subjects and 68 healthy controls will be required to reach statistical significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between dietary patterns, plasma lipid profiles, and inflammatory potential in a vascular dementia cohort

Dai

Chan

et al. 2023

Aging Medicine

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Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). 1,2 Inflammation and altered lipid dyshomeostasis have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD and VaD. 3 The Mediterranean and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets have been associated with improved cognitive performance and reduced incident risk of dementia. 4 These diets have been associated with reduced plasma lipid levels and lower plasma inflammatory markers. 5 The Mediterranean diet involves regular intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grain products, low-fat dairy products, olive oil, fish, poultry, and wine with meat. Similarly, the DASH diet comprises regular intake of fruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy, legumes, nuts, and lower intake of animal proteins and sweets.

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“…However, despite the literature suggesting the effect of pro-inflammatory diets on CI, there are contrary findings that suggest no significant association between DII scores and CI (18,27). Inconsistency may be due to differences in study populations, methodology, or dietary scoring methods (28,29). The aim of this study was to explore the role of DII score on the risk of CI by analyzing the NHANES database in patients with/without chronic kidney disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between dietary inflammatory index and cognitive function in adults with/without chronic kidney disease

Wan,

Lin,

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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Background and aimsCognitive impairment (CI) is a prevalent condition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), who face an elevated risk of developing cognitive decline. The fundamental mechanism underlying CI is linked to chronic inflammation, which can be gauged by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). The DII is categorized into anti-inflammatory diets with lower scores and pro-inflammatory diets with higher scores. Specifically, pro-inflammatory diets may contribute to chronic inflammation. However, the correlation between the inflammatory potential of diet and cognitive function in patients with CKD has not been explored. This study aims to investigate the connection between the inflammatory potential of diet and cognitive function in individuals with or without chronic kidney disease.MethodsData from the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized. Participants under the age of 60 or lacking DII, CI, CKD, and other essential data were excluded. DII was computed based on a 24-h dietary recall interview for each participant. Cognitive performance was evaluated using three cognitive tests: the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) test, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Logistic regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to assess the independent relationship between DII score and CI in the CKD and non-CKD populations.ResultsThe study included a total of 2069 subjects, with CI prevalence ranging from 21.4 to 23.5%. Multiple regression models showed that after adjusting for all covariates of the three cognitive function tests, higher DII scores were significantly associated with increased risk of CI (CERAD OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.1 ~ 1.26, AFT OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.23, DSST OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.11 ~ 1.28). Subgroup analysis indicated that the effect of DII score on CI remained consistent in all subgroups (p > 0.05).ConclusionHigher DII scores were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment in people with or without CKD, suggesting that consuming a pro-inflammatory diet may contribute to the impairment of the cognitive function.

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The Challenge of Connecting Dietary Changes to Improved Disease Outcomes: The Balance between Positive, Neutral, and Negative Publication Results

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

The association between an inflammatory diet and global cognitive function and incident dementia in older women: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

The association between dietary patterns, plasma lipid profiles, and inflammatory potential in a vascular dementia cohort

The association between dietary inflammatory index and cognitive function in adults with/without chronic kidney disease

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